| 中国海南海岛小花蝽（Orius maxidentex Ghauri）的发现及生物学记述 |
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| 引用本文： | 王建赟,刘印怡,韩姗妮,叶政培,陈俊谕.中国海南海岛小花蝽（Orius maxidentex Ghauri）的发现及生物学记述[J].热带作物学报,2022,43(9):1899-1906. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王建赟 刘印怡 韩姗妮 叶政培 陈俊谕 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 5711012. 中国农业大学植物保护学院,北京 1001933. 海南大学植物保护学院,海南海口 5702284. 海南省热带作物病虫害生物防治工程技术研究中心,海南海口 5711015. 三亚中国农业大学研究院,海南三亚 572025 |
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| 基金项目： | 海南省自然科学基金项目(322QN361);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.1630042022006);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.1630042020002) |
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| 摘 要： | 花蝽是一类捕食性半翅目昆虫。花蝽科目前约包含70个属,其中小花蝽属（Orius Wolff, 1811）是最大的属,全世界包含约80种,中国目前有15种。小花蝽属的种类在蓟马的生物防治方面具有极大的应用前景,是生物防治领域研究和利用的热门天敌类群。目前在我国针对蓟马的有害生物综合治理及绿色防控项目中,能够应用的仅东亚小花蝽（O. sauteri）及南方小花蝽（O. strigicollis）。最近在海南发现的海岛小花蝽（Orius maxidentex Ghauri）为中国新记录种,国外分布于泰国、印度、巴基斯坦、伊朗、阿拉伯联合酋长国、苏丹、塞内加尔。本研究对海岛小花蝽的形态学特征和生物学特征进行了描述,拍摄了海岛小花蝽各虫态及生殖器特征图,并对其发育历期、捕食、交配、产卵、孵化、蜕皮、羽化及同类相食的现象进行了简单描述和研究。此外,本研究获得了海岛小花蝽线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（COI）基因序列,并提交到美国国家生物技术信息中心（GenBank登录号：OL798096）进行序列比对,分子鉴定结果表明与塞内加尔的海岛小花蝽序列高度一致。海岛小花蝽常见于青葙（Celosia argentea）、小蓬草（Conyza canadensis）等杂草,及芒果（Mangifera indica）、豇豆（Vigna unguiculata）和茄子（Solanum melongena）等作物的花及幼叶上。卵产于植物组织中,若虫阶段有5个龄期,成虫和若虫均以蓟马为食,可捕食花蓟马（Frankliniella intonsa）、黄胸蓟马（Thrips hawaiiensis）、棕榈蓟马（T. palmi）、豆大蓟马（Megalurothrips usitatus）、茶黄蓟马（Scirtothrips dorsalis）及美洲棘蓟马（Echinothrips americanus）等。海岛小花蝽在海南岛全年可见,且具有明显的种群优势,是海南蓟马害虫的重要天敌。本研究在实验室条件下,利用美洲棘蓟马（E. americanus）和大豆幼苗进行室内饲养和观察,发现海岛小花蝽在温度(25±2)℃及相对湿度75%±5%条件下,可以取食美洲棘蓟马完成世代发育,卵期(3.66±0.67)d,1龄若虫(1.72±0.65)d,2龄若虫(2.21±0.82)d,3龄若虫(2.62±0.62)d,4龄若虫(2.45±0.74)d,5龄若虫(3.21± 0.82)d。本研究凭证标本保存于中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所和中国农业大学植物保护学院昆虫标本馆。
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| 关 键 词： | 小花蝽 天敌 形态特征 DNA条形码 生物学特性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-11-11 |
Discovery and Bionomic Notes of Orius maxidentex Ghauri (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) from Hainan,China |
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| WANG Jianyun,LIU Yinyi,HAN Shanni,YE Zhengpei,CHEN Junyu.Discovery and Bionomic Notes of Orius maxidentex Ghauri (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) from Hainan,China[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2022,43(9):1899-1906. |
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| Authors: | WANG Jianyun LIU Yinyi HAN Shanni YE Zhengpei CHEN Junyu |
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| Abstract: | Anthocoridae, a group of predatory bugs of Hemiptera, currently comprises about 70 genera, of which Orius Wolff, 1811 is the largest. The genus Orius comprises more than 80 species all over the world and there are 15 described species in China including O. maxidentex Ghauri. The species of Orius is known as the most promising biological control agent to thrips. Research and application of natural enemies of Orius spp. are of great concern to many researchers, farmers, and commercial biocontrol companies. Up till now, O. sauteri and O. strigicollis are the only two commercial-using species applied in thrips controlling in Integrated Pest Management Programs and Environmental Friendly Biological Control Management Programs in China. O. maxidentex Ghauri is recently recorded in Hainan, China. This species is widely distributed in Hainan Island. It is also found in Thailand, India, Pakistan, Iran, United Arab Emirates, Sudan and Senegal. In our studies, the morphological features and some biological characters of O. maxidentex were represented. We photographed or illustrated the different stages and genitalia of O. maxidentex, the developmental stages, some biological characters, including predatory behavior, mating, oviposition, hatching, moulting, emergence, and cannibalism were noted as well. We also obtained the sequence of O. maxidentex cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (GenBank accession number OL798096) and submitted to online tool BLAST for molecular identification. The result showed this specimen collected from Hainan had the smallest genetic distance with the O. maxidentex specimens collected from Senegal. O. maxidentex of Hainan Island is easily found on weeds as Celosia argentea and Conyza canadensis, also on flowers and tender leaves of crops as Mangifera indica, Vigna unguiculata and Solanum melongena, etc.. Eggs of O. maxidentex are laid singly into the tissues of host plants, nymphal stage consisted of 5 instars, adults and nymphs prey on thrips including Frankliniella intonsa, Thrips hawaiiensis, T. palmi, Megalurothrips usitatus, Scirtothrips dorsalis, and Echinothrips americanus. A colony of O. maxidentex was established and observed fed on E. americanus and soybean shoots, the mean duration of egg stage, 1st instar, 2nd instar, 3rd instar, 4th instar and 5th instar were 3.66±0.67, 1.72±0.65, 2.21±0.82, 2.62±0.62, 2.45±0.74 and 3.21±0.82 days, respectively. As a dominant natural enemy species of thrips, O. maxidentex occurs all year round in field of Hainan Island. The Specimens in the present study were deposited in the Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences and the Entomological Museum of China Agricultural University. |
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| Keywords: | Orius natural enemy morphological characteristics DNA barcoding bionomics |
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