| 平潭岛台湾相思群落优势种群生态位研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 马晓迪,姜德刚,刘子琳,王芳,温瑞龙,邓传远.平潭岛台湾相思群落优势种群生态位研究[J].热带作物学报,2022,43(12):2614-2625. |
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| 作者姓名： | 马晓迪 姜德刚 刘子琳 王芳 温瑞龙 邓传远 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.福建农林大学园林学院，福建福州 3500022.自然资源部海岛研究中心，福建福州 350400 |
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| 基金项目： | 福建省区域发展科技项目计划(2018Y3006);福建农林大学科技创新专项(CXZX2019086);2019年度福建省科技特派员工作经费(KTP19186A) |
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| 摘 要： | 台湾相思（Acacia confusa）是平潭海岛相思林的主要建群种，是海岛优良的造林阔叶树种，了解平潭岛台湾相思群落主要木本植物和草本植物种群的生态位特征有助于深入了解海岛群落物种共存与竞争机制。在对其内岛和附属岛屿进行群落调查的基础上，利用Levins和Shannon生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠指数分析平潭岛台湾相思群落各层片主要种群生态位。共调查到维管束植物144种隶属63科123属，以禾本科和菊科为主，与大陆植被存在显著差异；发现入侵风险植物14种，草本入侵现象较严重，其中1级恶性入侵的假臭草（Praxelis clematidea）、鬼针草（Bidens pilosa）和2级严重入侵的香丝草（Erigeron bonariensis）在群落中占据较大的生态位，可能对共生种群造成一定的生态干扰，应当引起足够重视；乔木层中的台湾相思和木麻黄（Casuarina equisetifolia）、灌木层中台湾相思幼树和雀梅藤（Sageretia thea）、草本层中芒（Miscanthus sinensis）和假臭草生态位宽度较大，生态位宽度小于0.5的物种数占总数的96.67%，重要值较大的物种生态位宽度也较大，但并非完全一致；优势种群生态位重叠表现为草本层（0.253）>灌木层（0.231）>乔木层（0.149），均小于0.3，生态位重叠值普遍偏低，种群通过生态位分化来减弱种间竞争。海岛地区较强的环境过滤性导致种群产生不同程度的生境分化，同时，种群通过压缩生态位宽度，聚集在局部生境中，从而促进海岛群落物种共存，平潭岛台湾相思群落属于地带性顶级群落，种间关系稳定，种群更新缓慢。
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| 关 键 词： | 平潭岛 台湾相思 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-03-09 |
Niche of Dominant Plant Populations of Acacia confusa Community in Pingtan Island |
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| MA Xiaodi,JIANG Degang,LIU Zilin,WANG Fang,WEN Ruilong,DENG Chuanyuan.Niche of Dominant Plant Populations of Acacia confusa Community in Pingtan Island[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2022,43(12):2614-2625. |
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| Authors: | MA Xiaodi JIANG Degang LIU Zilin WANG Fang WEN Ruilong DENG Chuanyuan |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China2. Island Research Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fuzhou, Fujian 350400, China |
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| Abstract: | Acacia confusa is the main construction species of Acacia forest, it’s an excellent afforestation broad-leaved tree species in Pingtan Island. Understanding the niche characteristics of the main woody and herbaceous plants population is helpful to understand the coexistence and competition mechanism of species in island community. We investigated A. confusa communities in Pingtan of its inner and subsidiary islands, Levins and Shannon niche breadth and Pianka niche overlap indexes were used to analyze the ecological niche of the main species in the woody layers and herb layers of A. confusa communities in Pingtan Island. A total of 144 species of vascular plants belonging to 123 genera and 63 families were found, mainly Gramineae and Compositae, significantly different from continental vegetation types. 14 species of invasive plants include Praxelis clematidea, Bidens Pilosa and Erigeron bonariensi were found in the community, which occupied a large niche in the community and may cause some ecological disturbance to the symbiotic population. A. confusa and Casuarina equisetifolia in the tree layer, Sageretia thea and A. confusa in the shrub layer, and Miscanthus sinensis and Praxelis clematidea in the herb layer had higher niche breadth than other species. Species with niche breadth less than 0.5 accounted for 96.67% of the total. The niche breadth of species with higher importance values were generally larger, but not entirely consistent. The niche overlap of dominant population was herb layer (0.253) > shrub layer (0.231) > tree layer (0.149), all smaller than 0.3. The niche overlap between the main species in the community was generally lower, niche differentiation weakened interspecific competition. The strong environmental filterability in the Island led to different degrees of habitat differentiation of the population. The population concentrated in local habitats by narrowing niche breadth, thus promoting the coexistence of species in the island community. The A. confusa community on Pingtan Island was the top zonal community with stable interspecific relationship and slow population regeneration. |
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| Keywords: | Pingtan Island Acacia confusa niche breadth niche overlap |
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