| 木薯和花生间作模式下2种作物光合与干物质积累特性 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈晨,刘子凡,黄洁,魏云霞,苏必孟.木薯和花生间作模式下2种作物光合与干物质积累特性[J].热带作物学报,2022,43(8):1613-1619. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈晨 刘子凡 黄洁 魏云霞 苏必孟 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口 5702282.荆州职业技术学院,湖北荆州 4340003.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/农业农村部木薯种质资源保护与利用重点实验室,海南儋州 571737 |
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| 基金项目： | 农业农村部现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-11-hnhj);中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所非营利性科研机构改革专项项目(pzsfyl-201807) |
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| 摘 要： | 为研究木薯和花生间作模式下2种作物光合与干物质积累特性,以木薯和花生间作行数比为2∶4模式为对象,木薯单作（SC）、花生单作（SP）为对照,在大田条件下测定了该间作系统中2种作物（木薯用IC表示,花生用IP表示）不同时期干物质积累特点和光合特性。结果表明：（1）花生实际产量和预期产量均表现出先增后降的趋势,且在定植后92 d之前的实际产量大于预期产量,之后的实际产量和预期产量均开始下降;木薯实际产量从定植后75 d到收获均大于预期产量,且实际产量的增加速度大于预期产量的增加速度。（2）块根形成期和块根膨大期,IC植株叶片的最大净光合速度（Pnmax）和光饱和点（LSP）均显著高于SC;苗期和块根膨大期,IC植株叶片的暗呼吸速度（Rd）小于SC。荚果膨大期,IP植株叶片的光补偿点（LCP）、LSP和Rd均显著低于SP,表观量子效率（α）显著高于SP。（3）IC通过最大干物质积累速率出现时间提前、延长快增期持续天数和提高最大干物质积累速率来达到增加干物质理论最大积累量;IP通过提早快增期开始时间和快增期结束时间来缩短快增期持续天数,并使其最大干物质积累速率出现时间提前,最终使IP的干物质理论最大积累量下降。综上表明,木薯通过提高光能截获和利用效率,同时降低自身消耗来增加干物质积累量,花生后期由于高位作物的遮荫影响其生长发育,但在荚果膨大期IP通过降低LCP和LSP来提高对弱光的利用效率,降低Rd来增加花生体内营养物质的有效积累。
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| 关 键 词： | 木薯 花生 间作 干物质积累 光合特性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-10-27 |
Photosynthetic and Dry Matter Accumulation Characteristics of the Two Crops in the Cassava / Peanut Intercropping System |
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| CHEN Chen,LIU Zifan,HUANG Jie,WEI Yunxia,SU Bimeng.Photosynthetic and Dry Matter Accumulation Characteristics of the Two Crops in the Cassava / Peanut Intercropping System[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2022,43(8):1613-1619. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Chen LIU Zifan HUANG Jie WEI Yunxia SU Bimeng |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China2. Jingzhou Vocational and Technical College, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China3. Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Cassava Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to study the characteristics of photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation of each component crop under the cassava and peanut intercropping model, this study took the cassava and peanut intercropping row ratio of 2∶4 as the object, and cassava monocropping (SC) and peanut monocropping (SP) as the control, under field conditions, the dry matter accumulation rules and photosynthetic characteristics of each component crop in the intercropping system (cassava represented by IC and peanut represented by IP) at different periods were measured. The actual and expected yield of peanut had a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The actual yield of peanut was larger than its expected yield before the 92th days after planting, and later, tthe actual yield and expected yield of peanut began to decline. The actual yield of cassava was higher than expected from the 75th days after planting to harvest, and the increase rate of its actual yield was higher than that of the expected yield. During tuber formation and tuber enlargement stages, Pnmax and LSP of IC leaves were significantly higher than that of SC, while Rd of IC leaves was less than SC during the seedling and tuber enlargement stage. During the shell inflation stage, LCP, LSP and Rd of IP leaves were significantly lower than those of SP, while α was significantly higher than that of SP. The theoretical maximum dry matter accumulation of IC increased by advancing the occurrence time of maximum dry matter accumulation rate, prolonging the duration of fast growth period and increasing the maximum dry matter accumulation rate, the theoretical maximum dry matter accumulation of IP reduced by shortening the duration of the fast growth period, advancing the start time and end time of the fast growth period, advancing the occurrence time of the maximum dry matter accumulation rate. In summary, The dry matter accumulation of cassava could be increased by increasing light capture and utilization efficiency and reducing its own consumption. The growth and development of peanut could be affected because of the shading of high crops during the later stage of peanut. The utilization efficiency of low light was improved by reducing LCP, LSP, and effective accumulation of nutrients of peanut was increased by reducing Rd during the shell inflation stage. |
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| Keywords: | cassava peanut intercropping dry matter accumulation photosynthetic characteristics |
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