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不同类型钵苗及摆栽密度对粳型超级稻氮素吸收利用与转运特征的影响
引用本文:许轲,周兴涛,曹利强,张洪程,郭保卫,陈厚存,吴中华,朱聪聪,杨岩.不同类型钵苗及摆栽密度对粳型超级稻氮素吸收利用与转运特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(23):4876-4892.
作者姓名:许轲  周兴涛  曹利强  张洪程  郭保卫  陈厚存  吴中华  朱聪聪  杨岩
基金项目:国家“十二五”科技支撑计划重大项目(2011BAD16B03)、超级稻配套栽培技术开发与集成(农业部专项)、江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目(CX(12)1003)、江苏省研究生科研创新计划(CXLX11_1018)
摘    要:【目的】比较研究3种类型钵苗不同摆栽密度下的水稻氮素吸收利用与转运特征。【方法】以超级稻品种武运粳24和南粳44为供试材料,采用新型3连孔、2连孔塑盘育秧,以常规单孔塑盘育秧为对照,并分别设置5种不同栽插密度,研究各处理氮素吸收利用与转运特征的差异及其与产量的关系。【结果】3种类型钵苗摆栽不同基本苗之间,抽穗期和成熟期氮素吸收量、氮素农学利用率、氮素吸收利用率以及偏生产力随移栽基本苗增加均表现为先增大后减小的趋势。不同类型钵苗之间,抽穗期和成熟期氮素吸收量、氮素农学利用率、氮素吸收利用率和偏生产力均表现为:在较低基本苗条件下(36×104—54×104•hm-2),单孔>2连孔>3连孔;在中等基本苗条件下(72×104•hm-2),2连孔>单孔>3连孔;在较高基本苗条件下(90×104—108×104•hm-2),2连孔、3连孔>单孔。3种类型钵苗摆栽最高产量条件下,抽穗期和成熟期氮素吸收量、氮素农学利用率、氮素吸收利用率以及偏生产力均表现为2连孔>3连孔>单孔。3个最高产量处理的相关分析表明:水稻产量与成熟期叶片、地上部分吸氮量,拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期地上部分阶段吸氮量呈显著或极显著的正相关。【结论】在适宜或较高移栽密度条件下,与单孔相比,2、3连孔稀植摆栽尤其是2连孔摆栽水稻在生育中、后期氮素积累量较多,氮素利用效率较高,是氮高效的省工高产栽培新途径。

关 键 词:超级稻    钵苗摆栽    密度    氮素吸收利用
收稿时间:2013-07-17

Effects of Different Types of Bowl Seedlings and Densities on Characteristics of Nitrogen Uptake,Utilization and Translocation of Bowl Transplanted Japonica Super Rice
XU Ke-,ZHOU Xing-Tao-,CAO Li-Qiang-,ZHANG Hong-Cheng-,GUO Bao-Wei-,CHEN Hou-Cun-,WU Zhong-Hua-,ZHU Cong-Cong-,YANG Yan-.Effects of Different Types of Bowl Seedlings and Densities on Characteristics of Nitrogen Uptake,Utilization and Translocation of Bowl Transplanted Japonica Super Rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(23):4876-4892.
Authors:XU Ke-  ZHOU Xing-Tao-  CAO Li-Qiang-  ZHANG Hong-Cheng-  GUO Bao-Wei-  CHEN Hou-Cun-  WU Zhong-Hua-  ZHU Cong-Cong-  YANG Yan-
Institution:1.College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University/ Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu; 2.Yangzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu;3.Crop Cultural Station, Haian County, Haian 226600, Jiangsu
Abstract:【Objective】 The objective of this experiment was to identify the differences in N absorption and use efficiency of three different bowl types and densities in bowl transplanted rice. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted by the seedlings of 3-bowl combined together, 2-bowl combined together and single bowl seedling disc with Wuyunjing 24 and Nanjing 44 as materials, and the setting of different transplanting densities. The differences in N absorption, use efficiency and their relationship with yield were studied. 【Result】 For the same type of bowl seedlings, N uptake amount at heading and maturity stages, recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity increased first and then decreased with the increase of the basic seedlings number. Under the same basic seedling conditions, the N uptake amount at heading and maturity stages, recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity showed the following rules: the lower basic seedling number condition of 36×104•hm-2 to 54×104•hm-2 showed a trend of single bowl>2-bowl>3-bowl, the medium basic seedling number condition of 72×104•hm-2 showed a trend of 2-bowl>single bowl>3-bowl, while the larger basic seedling number condition of 90×104•hm-2 to 108×104•hm-2 showed a trend of 2-bowl and 3-bowl>single bowl. Under the three maximum yield conditions, the N uptake at heading and maturity stages, recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity showed a trend of 2-bowl>3-bowl>single bowl. Correlation analysis of the three maximum yield treatments indicated that there existed a significant or a highly significant positive correlation between yield and N uptake of leaves and aboveground at maturity stage, N uptake from jointing to heading stage and heading to maturity stage.【Conclusion】Under the suitable or larger basic seedling number conditions, compared with single bowl cultivation, 3-bowl and 2-bowl, especially the 2-bowl seedling planting methods have a higher N absorption amount at middle and late growth stages and N use efficiency is also high. They are new ways with high nitrogen use efficiency, labor saving to accomplish super high yielding cultivation.
Keywords:super rice  bowl seedling  density  nitrogen uptake and utilization
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