In field non-invasive sensing of the nitrogen status in hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy) by a fluorescence-based method |
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| Institution: | 1. Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara” CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy;2. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto n. 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;1. Epidemiology Coordinating and Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;2. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;1. Universidad de Camagüey “Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz”, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los alimentos, Camagüey, CP 74650, Cuba;2. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Santiago de Compostela, CP 15782, Spain;3. Universidad de Camagüey “Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz”, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química, Camagüey, CP 74650, Cuba;4. Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Parintins, Parintins, Amazonas, CP 69152-470, Brazil;1. Laboratoire de Mathématiques, Université de Paris-Sud (Bât. 425), Orsay cedex 91405, France;2. Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel;3. Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel;1. Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children''s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA;2. Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA;3. bluebird bio, Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA;4. Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;5. Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;6. Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA |
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| Abstract: | The level of N fertilization and the content of leaf N in Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy cv. ‘Tifway 419’ bermudagrass were evaluated non-destructively with a fluorescence-based method. It was applied directly into the field by using the Multiplex portable fluorimeter during two consecutive seasons (2010 and 2011). In the 2010 experiment, the nitrogen balance index (NBI1) provided by the sensor was able to discriminate (at P < 0.05) six different N levels applied, up to 250 kg ha?1, with a precision (root mean square error, RMSE) in the rate estimate of 3.29 kg ha?1. In 2011, the index was insensitive to the N treatment between 150 kg ha?1 and 250 kg ha?1 N rates, and its precision was 39.98 kg ha?1. Calibration of the sensor by using the destructive analysis of turf samplings showed a good linear regression between NBI1 and the leaf N content for both 2010 (R2 = 0.81) and 2011 (R2 = 0.93) experiments. This allowed mapping of the leaf N spatial distribution acquired by the sensor in the field with a prediction error of 0.21%. Averaging the overall estimates of leaf N content per N treatment provided an upper limit of 200 kg ha?1 for the required fertilization, corresponding to a critical level of leaf N of about 2.3%. Our results confirm the usefulness of the new fluorescence-based method and sensor for a precise management of fertilization in turfgrass. |
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| Keywords: | Chlorophyll fluorescence Fertilization Mapping Nitrogen Non-destructive indices Turfgrass |
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