| 基于温室环境和作物生长的番茄基质栽培灌溉模型 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐立鸿,肖康俊,蔚瑞华.基于温室环境和作物生长的番茄基质栽培灌溉模型[J].农业工程学报,2020,36(10):189-196. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐立鸿 肖康俊 蔚瑞华 |
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| 作者单位： | 同济大学电子与信息工程学院,上海 201804;同济大学电子与信息工程学院,上海 201804;同济大学电子与信息工程学院,上海 201804 |
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| 基金项目： | 上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目（沪农科创字（2018）第3-2号）；上海市科委创新行动计划项目（17391900900） |
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| 摘 要： | 为解决涵盖土壤蒸发和作物冠层蒸腾的土培作物蒸散模型不能直接应用于稻壳炭基质栽培番茄灌溉的问题,该研究首先通过修改Penman-Monteith模型的原始表达式来去除土壤蒸发部分,并引入TOMGRO模型来模拟番茄冠层生长,给出了阻抗参数的修正计算,得到了新的番茄基质栽培蒸腾模型。考虑到蒸腾模型中净辐射项削弱了室外太阳辐射对冠层及以下部整株植株的耗水影响,进而将新的蒸腾模型与太阳辐射线性比例供水模型结合建立蒸腾-辐射综合灌溉模型。结果表明,蒸腾-辐射综合灌溉模型对上海崇明A8温室番茄灌溉量的模拟结果与实际结果之间的相关系数高于0.95,平均相对误差小于20%。这说明蒸腾-辐射综合灌溉模型能够较好地估算温室稻壳炭基质栽培番茄的灌溉需水量,对深入研究温室灌溉实施具有参考价值。
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| 关 键 词： | 温室 灌溉 番茄 基质栽培 Penman-Monteith模型 蒸腾作用 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/4/13 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/5/10 0:00:00 |
Irrigation models for the tomatoes cultivated in organic substrate based on greenhouse environment and crop growth |
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| Xu Lihong,Xiao Kangjun,Wei Ruihua.Irrigation models for the tomatoes cultivated in organic substrate based on greenhouse environment and crop growth[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2020,36(10):189-196. |
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| Authors: | Xu Lihong Xiao Kangjun Wei Ruihua |
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| Institution: | College of Electronics and Information Engineering in Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China |
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| Abstract: | Water supply is an essential to the normal growth of plants, due to too much or insufficient water can seriously confine the yield and quality of greenhouse crops. The traditional greenhouse irrigation method mainly triggers quantitative irrigation system through timing control and radiation thresholds, without considering the comprehensive impact of microclimate changes on water consumption of crops in the greenhouse environment. In the conventional model, such as converting crop transpiration to irrigation water demand with the empirical ratio factor, there is a lacking the fact that the growth of crop canopy leaves can weaken the effect of solar radiation on water consumption of plants below the canopy. The conventional water supply methods cannot meet the actual needs of crops, and thereby inevitably cause serious waste of water resources and environmental pollution by excessive discharge of nutrient solution waste liquid, eventually deteriorate the economic benefit of crop production in greenhouse. Therefore, it is of great practical value to establish an irrigation model based on crop transpiration physiological characteristics and intercepted radiation effects of actual canopy growth changes. The relevant research of the soilless substrate cultivation crop transpiration model pointed out that the surface evaporation of the substrate can be small or even negligible, indicating that the soil evaporation does not need to be considered when estimating the tomato transpiration of the soilless substrate cultivation. Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration model including soil evaporation cannot accurately estimate the transpiration of substrate-cultivated tomato in terms of greenhouse. In addition, some models were introduced a grass datum with a fixed crop height and a large area covering the ground, in order to empirically simplify the calculation of impedance parameters, and then used historical data to fit crop coefficient as a medium for converting reference evapotranspiration to actual evapotranspiration. However, the estimation process did not consider the actual growth of the crop evapotranspiration surface. In this study, a new transpiration model was established for the tomato plants cultivated on rice-husk charcoal substrate in the greenhouse. The calculation of empirical parameters was modified based on soil evaporation in the original representation of the evapotranspiration model, according to the distinction between soil-cultivated crop evapotranspiration and substrate-cultivated crop transpiration. TOMGRO model was introduced to simulate real-time growth changes of tomatoes to replace the grass datum of fixed growth parameters. The new transpiration model has added the resistance parameters of the water vapor exchange between the leaves and outside air, while maintaining the characteristics of crop transpiration, indicating more suitable for the greenhouse microclimate environment and the real-time growth of crops. In the simulated transpiration results of historical data from each full cycle of tomato growth in four years, compared with the greenhouse soil-cultivated crop evapotranspiration model, the transpiration model of substrate tomato shows a small error to simulate tomato transpiration, where the average absolute error are less than 0.1 mm/d, the average relative error are less than 10%, the root mean square error are less than 0.1 and the correlation coefficient are greater than 0.95. Considering that due to the net radiation interception weakening solar radiation, the transpiration model of substrate tomato can be used to describe the transpiration changes of crop canopy, but ignore the water consumption of the entire plant canopy and below. Therefore, a transpiration-radiation integrated irrigation model was established by multiple linear regression method, where introducing the solar radiation linear water supply model as a linear compensation to estimate the tomato irrigation water requirement using the substrate tomato transpiration model. Comparing the actual irrigation data, the average absolute error of the simulated irrigation volume are less than 0.29 mm/d, the average relative error are less than 20%, and the root mean square error are no more than 0.3. These errors are also less than the allowable error 0.3 mm/d of manual recording irrigation data in the experimental greenhouse. The estimation of greenhouse tomato water consumption in substrate cultivation scenario, transpiration-radiation integrated irrigation model have high accuracy, certain rationality and practicability. These models can provide a theoretical basis for the prediction of irrigation water consumption of rice-husk charcoal substrate cultivated tomato in the greenhouse and irrigation implementation plan. |
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| Keywords: | greenhouse irrigation tomato substrate cultivation Penman-Monteith model crop transpiration |
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