| 黑小麦光合特性的变化及对产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 张耀文,赵鹏涛,李积铭,赵小光,尚毅,张振兰,翟周平,李龙华.黑小麦光合特性的变化及对产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2022,38(21):7-16. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张耀文 赵鹏涛 李积铭 赵小光 尚毅 张振兰 翟周平 李龙华 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.陕西省杂交油菜研究中心,陕西杨凌 712100;2.河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北衡水 053000 |
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| 基金项目： | 陕西省重点研发计划项目“彩色小麦新品种选育与示范”(2019ZDLNY04-01)； |
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| 摘 要： | 本研究旨在为选育高产黑小麦品种提供理论依据。以5个黑小麦品系和1个普通小麦(CK)为材料,在抽穗期—成熟前期7个生育期探究了旗叶光合特性指数(PCI)的变化及其与籽粒产量(GY)的关系。结果表明：与CK相比,5个黑小麦品系旗叶的叶绿素含量(CC)在抽穗期—灌浆后期均显著较低;绿叶面积(GLA)在灌浆后期较低而在成熟前期则较高,生物学产量(BY)的增长速率在灌浆前—中期均显著较高而在开花期—灌浆前期、灌浆末期—成熟前期则均显著较低;灌浆速度(GFR)在灌浆—中期、灌浆中—后期均显著较低。5项PCI与GY间显著正相关,PCI的变化速率在抽穗期—开花期、开花期—灌浆前期与GY间正相关而在灌浆中—后期、灌浆后—末期、灌浆末期—成熟前期则负相关。PCI的变化速率与GY间相关程度为GLA>Trm>Pn>Gs>CC,Pn>Gs>Trm>CC>GLA。不同时期PCI的变化速率与GY间相关性程度为灌浆中期>灌浆前期>灌浆后期>灌浆末期>抽穗期>开花期>成熟前期,开花期—灌浆前期>抽穗期—开花期>灌浆前—中期>灌浆末期—成熟前期>灌浆后—末期>灌浆中—后期。选育旗叶在抽穗期—灌浆中期具有较高CC、Pn、Gs、GLA的黑小麦品系是提高黑小麦产量的重要手段。
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| 关 键 词： | 黑小麦 抽穗期后 光合特性 产量水平 影响 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-05-18 |
Changes of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Black Wheat and the Influence on Yield |
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| ZHANG Yaowen,ZHAO Pengtao,LI Jiming,ZHAO Xiaoguang,SHANG Yi,ZHANG Zhenlan,ZHAI Zhouping,LI Longhua.Changes of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Black Wheat and the Influence on Yield[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2022,38(21):7-16. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Yaowen ZHAO Pengtao LI Jiming ZHAO Xiaoguang SHANG Yi ZHANG Zhenlan ZHAI Zhouping LI Longhua |
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| Institution: | 1.Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100;2.Institute of Dry Farming, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui, Hebei 053000 |
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| Abstract: | In order to provide a theoretical basis for breeding high-yield black wheat varieties by photosynthetic pathway, 5 black wheat lines and 1 common wheat variety (CK) were used as materials, the changes of 5 photosynthetic characteristic indexes (PCI) of flag leaves and the relationship between PCI and grain yield (GY) were studied during 7 growth periods from heading stage (HS) to early mature stage (EMS).The results showed that: compared with CK, the chlorophyll contents (CC) of the 5 black wheat lines in heading stage to late grain filling stage (HS-LSFP) were significantly lower. The green leaf area (GLA) of the 5 black wheat lines were lower in LSFP but higher in EMS, the growth rates of biological yield (BY) were significantly higher in early to middle grain filling stage (ESFP-MSFP) but significantly lower in flowering stage to early grain filling stage (FS-ESFP) and final grain filling stage to early mature stage (FSFP-EMS).The grain filling rate (GFR) of the 5 black wheat lines were significantly lower in ESFP-MSFP and middle to late grain filling stage (MSFP-LSFP). All the 5 PCIs had significantly positive correlation with GY. The change rates of the 5 PCIs were positively correlated with GY in heading stage to flowering stage(HS-FS) and flowering stage to early grain filling stage (FS-ESFP), while were negatively correlated with GY in middle to late grain filling stage (MSFP-LSFP), late to final grain filling stage (LSFP-FSFP) and final grain filling stage to early mature stage (FSFP-EMS). The correlation degree between the PCI and GY was green leaf area (GLA)>transpiration rate (Trm)> net photosynthetic rate (Pn)>stomatal conductance (Gs)>chlorophyll content (CC). The correlation degree between the change rate of PCI and GY was Pn>Gs>Trm>CC>GLA. The correlation degree between the PCI and GY in different periods was MSFP>ESFP>LSFP>FSFP>HS>FS>EMS, while the correlation degree between the change rate of PCI and GY in different periods was FS-ESFP>HS-FS>ESFP-MSFP>FSFP-EMS>LSFP-FSFP>MSFP-LSFP. In conclusion, it is an important way to improve the yield of black wheat by breeding the lines with higher CC, Pn, Gs and GLA of flag leaves in heading stage to middle grain filling stage. |
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| Keywords: | black wheat after heading stage photosynthetic characteristics yield level influence |
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