| 油橄榄叶果营养元素动态及其相关性 |
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| 引用本文： | 戴前莉,朱恒星,黄飞逸,卢敏,陈本文,陈琴,管运峰,尹思琴,祝元春.油橄榄叶果营养元素动态及其相关性[J].中国农学通报,2022,38(18):153-158. |
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| 作者姓名： | 戴前莉 朱恒星 黄飞逸 卢敏 陈本文 陈琴 管运峰 尹思琴 祝元春 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.重庆市林业科学研究院,重庆 400036;2.重庆市沙坪坝区农业技术服务中心,重庆 400030;3.重庆市巴南区桥口坝林场,重庆 401320;4.重庆瀚业园林工程有限公司,重庆 400036 |
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| 基金项目： | 重庆市科技兴林攻关类项目“重庆地区油橄榄落叶落果关键防控技术研究”(渝林攻关〔2018-03〕号) |
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| 摘 要： | 本研究旨在了解重庆合川地区油橄榄树体的营养状况和果实膨大规律及其相关性,为该地区油橄榄的平衡有效施肥提供依据,实现丰产优质栽培的目的。以不同生长时期内3株树势相同,无病虫害的7年生‘豆果’油橄榄树为研究材料,基于硝酸—盐酸—高氯酸消煮—ICP法测定叶片和果实中大量和微量元素P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量,凯氏定氮法测定元素N含量,游标卡尺测定果实纵横径。结果表明：“豆果”生长期内,大量元素在叶片和果实中随果实膨大存在不同变化趋势。总体上,叶片中大量元素含量趋势为K>Ca>N>P>Mg;果实中大量元素含量趋势为K>N>Ca>P>Mg。对微量元素Fe的需求量明显高于元素Mn、Zn、Cu,且叶片中元素Fe远高于果实中的。叶片内部-果实内部-叶片-果实间矿质元素含量以及果实膨大-叶片果实矿质元素含量存在普遍的显著相关性。从矿质元素在“豆果”叶片、果实中的含量动态变化趋势来看,营养元素N、K、Ca在发育期中一直保持相对较高水平,肥料施用上应充分满足;考虑到元素间的拮抗和协同关系,建议生产上施用N肥时还应搭配P肥、K肥、微量元素肥（含Cu和Zn）施用,以达到丰产优质栽培的目的。
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| 关 键 词： | 油橄榄 叶果 营养元素 果实膨大 相关性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-07-16 |
Dynamics of Nutrient Elements in Leaf and Fruit of Olive and the Correlation Analysis |
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| DAI Qianli,ZHU Hengxing,HUANG Feiyi,LU Min,CHEN Benwen,CHEN Qin,GUAN Yunfeng,YIN Siqin,ZHU Yuanchun.Dynamics of Nutrient Elements in Leaf and Fruit of Olive and the Correlation Analysis[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2022,38(18):153-158. |
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| Authors: | DAI Qianli ZHU Hengxing HUANG Feiyi LU Min CHEN Benwen CHEN Qin GUAN Yunfeng YIN Siqin ZHU Yuanchun |
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| Institution: | 1.Chongqing Academy of Forestry, Chongqing 400036;2.Chongqing Shapingba District Agricultural Technology Service Center, Chongqing 400030;3.Chongqing Banan District Qiaokouba Forestry Station, Chongqing 401320;4.Chongqing Hanye Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400036 |
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| Abstract: | To provide a theoretical basis for balanced fertilization and for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of olive, the research on the dynamics of nutrient elements, fruit expanding law and their correlation was carried out in Hechuan area of Chongqing. 7-year-old Olea europaea ‘Arbequina’ was used as experiment material, fruits and leaves were collected from three similar trees which had no diseases and insect pests from June 17 to October 22. The content of P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in leaves and fruits were measured with nitric acid - hydrochloric acid - perchloric acid deboiling - ICP method, and the content of N was measured with Kjeldahl determination. The fruit expanding law was investigated by measuring the longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter of fruits using vernier caliper. The results showed that during ‘Arbequina’ growth period, macroelements in fruits and leaves had different trends with fruit expanding. In general, the content of macroelements presented an order of K>Ca>N>P>Mg in leaves and K>N>Ca>P>Mg in fruits. The demand for microelement Fe was significantly higher than that for Mn, Zn and Cu, and the element Fe in leaves was much higher than that in fruits. There were universal correlations among mineral elements’ content inside leaves and fruits, as well as that with fruit expansion. In terms of the dynamic content of mineral elements in leaves and fruits, nutrient elements N, K and Ca maintained relatively high levels during the development period, and should be fully satisfied by fertilizing. Considering the antagonistic and synergistic relationship among the elements, N fertilizer should also be applied with P and K fertilizer and microelement fertilizer (contain Cu and Zn) to achieve high-yield and high-quality cultivation of olive. |
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| Keywords: | Olea europaea L leaf and fruit nutrient elements fruit expansion correlation |
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