| 寒地黑土区节水灌溉下水稻对基肥氮素的吸收分配 |
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| 作者单位： | ;1.东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院;2.农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】进一步揭示寒地黑土区稻作节水灌溉模式下水稻对基肥氮素的吸收分配情况,以明确不同水氮管理模式下水稻对基肥氮素的吸收利用率。【方法】在田间小区中原位设置15N示踪微区,并施用带有15N标记的基肥,对比分析了淹水灌溉模式和控制灌溉模式下水稻对基肥氮素的吸收及分配以及被水稻吸收的基肥氮素在水稻地上部各器官的累积情况。【结果】与淹水灌溉相比,虽然稻作控制灌溉模式可以有效提高水稻地上部干物质及氮素积累量,但水稻内对基肥氮素的吸收利用量较低。控制灌溉模式下,水稻分蘖期基肥回收率为0.86%～2.60%;拔节孕穗期基肥回收率为1.17%～3.27%;抽穗开花期基肥回收率为15.18%～33.50%;成熟期基肥回收率为10.91%～24.39%,除水稻抽穗开花期和成熟期施氮量为85 kg/hm~2处理外,不同施氮量下控制灌溉模式水稻生育期内地上部植株的基肥氮素积累量和回收率均低于淹水灌溉,基肥氮素的损失量较大。不同施氮量下控制灌溉水稻成熟期时地上部植株吸收的基肥氮素总量的63.99%～72.95%存在于水稻穗部,高于淹水灌溉模式。【结论】稻作控制灌溉模式可以有效提高水稻吸收的基肥氮素,向水稻穗部的运移量,保证了基肥氮素的高效利用。
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| 关 键 词： | 水稻 灌溉 施氮量 氮肥回收率 |
Uptake of Basal Application Nitrogen by Rice from Black Soil under Water-saving Irrigation in Temperate Region |
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| Institution: | ,School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resource Use, Ministry of Agriculture |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】Nutrient use efficiency depends on soil type and fertilizer application and the purpose of this paper is to study the uptake of basal-applied fertilizer by rice from black soil under different irrigations in temperate regions.【Method】The experiments were conducted in field plots and isotope15 N was used in the basal fertilizer to track transformation and uptake of nitrogen by rice under different irrigation methods, with traditional flooding irrigation as the control.【Result】Compared with flood irrigation, the controlled irrigation effectively increased accumulation of both dry matter and nitrogen in the rice, but had a low uptake of the basal-applied fertilizer. Recovery of the basal nitrogen at tillering, jointing-booting, anthesis stage under the controlled irrigation was0.86%～2.60%, 1.17%～3.27%, 15.18%～33.50% and 10.91%～24.39% respectively. Except for fertilizer application 85 kg/hm~2 at the anthesis stage, the controlled irrigation reduced nitrogen accumulation and recovery of the basal nitrogen in rice but enhanced nitrogen leaching, compared to the controlled irrigation. Under the controlled irrigation, approximately 63.99%～72.90% of the total basal nitrogen was found in the panicle of rice at the mature stage under different nitrogen applications, higher than that under flood irrigation, indicating that the controlled irrigation increased uptake of the basal nitrogen by rice and the subsequent transformation to the spike,thereby increasing nitrogen use efficiency.【Conclusion】Under the water-saving irrigation, basal application of nitrogen should be reduced in order to meet nitrogen requirement by rice in its early growth stage in order to reduce nitrogen loss and achieve the goal of saving water and reducing nitrogen emissions simultaneously. |
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| Keywords: | rice irrigation basal nitrogen application fertilizer-N recovery efficiency |
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