| 典型绿洲区长期膜下滴灌棉田残膜分布现状研究 |
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| 作者单位： | ;1.石河子大学水利建筑工程学院;2.现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】优化管理农田地膜。【方法】于2016年9月在新疆典型绿洲区石河子121团对6块覆膜滴灌棉田(应用膜下滴灌年限分别为5、9、11、13、15和19 a)土壤进行取样,研究了样品中的残膜面积和残膜质量。【结果】6块棉田地膜残留密度分别为127.11、215.85、250.63、294.17、327.83和348.83 kg/hm~2,残膜密度以每年16.37 kg/hm~2的趋势递增;残膜主要集中分布在土壤0～15 cm土层内,且面积大于30 cm~2,随着覆膜年限的增加,逐渐下移到15 cm以下土层内,且这部分残膜逐渐碎裂并均匀分布在土壤20～30 cm土层。随着覆膜年限的增加,棉田土壤中残膜的数量和密度均呈逐年上升趋势,表层土壤中面积较大的残膜在耕作过程中逐年碎裂并向深层土壤下移且均匀分布;同时随着覆膜年限的增加,在35～40 cm深层土壤中面积和质量较小的残膜呈明显增多的趋势。【结论】新疆绿洲区棉田地膜残留远超国家标准限值,应采用厚度大于0.008 mm地膜,同时采取措施提高农田地膜回收率。
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| 关 键 词： | 典型绿洲区 残膜污染 土壤耕作层 覆膜年限 |
Distribution of Size and Quantity of Film Residuals in Cotton Fields under Film-mulched Drip Irrigation in Oasis Region |
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| Institution: | ,College of Water and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University,Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】Film mulching is essential to agricultural production in arid region, but its slow degradation is an environmental concern. This paper analyzed the film residual distribution in cotton field in oasis region with film-mulched drip irrigation aimed to improve film mulching management.【Method】Film residual samples were collected in September 2016 from six cotton fields in the Regiment 121 of Shihezi City in typical oasis areas in Xinjiang, which had been under film-mulching drip irrigation for 5 to 19 years respectively. We measured the size of the residuals and their quauity in each soil sample.【Result】The film residual density in the six cotton fields were 127.11, 215.85, 250.63, 294.17, 327.83 and 348.83 kg/hm~2 respectively, increasing at an average rate of 16.37 kg/hm~2 per year. The film residuals >30 cm~2 was mainly found in the 0～15 cm soil, but moved downward as the duration of film mulching increased. Large residuals were progressively fragmented and then moved to 20～30 cm soil. Both mass and density of the residuals in the studied areas have been in rise, and the residuals in the top soil was broken and consequently moved into deep soil following tillage. As time elapsed, the density and quantity of small residuals in the 35～40 cm soil have been in rise.【Conclusion】The residues of plastic film in the cotton fields in Xinjiang oasis exceeded the limits of the national standard which requires that the plastic film should be thicker than 0.008 mm. As such, mitigation measures should be taken to increase the recovery or removal of the plastic film from the field. |
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| Keywords: | typical oasis area residual film pollution soil tillage layer duration of film mulching |
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