| 沙地喷灌土壤基质势调控对土壤水分分布和马铃薯产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 冯志文,万书勤,康跃虎,孙清华,王强.沙地喷灌土壤基质势调控对土壤水分分布和马铃薯产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2019(6):8-16. |
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| 作者姓名： | 冯志文 万书勤 康跃虎 孙清华 王强 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.内蒙古大学马铃薯工程技术研究中心;2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室;3.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院;4.天津市静海区团泊镇农业办公室 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD12B05,2016YFC0400105);内蒙古自治区创新引导奖励基金项目(30300-5153203) |
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| 摘 要： | 目的]制定砂质土壤马铃薯的喷灌灌溉制度。方法]选择“夏波蒂”(抗旱性弱)和“费乌瑞它”(抗旱性强)2种不同抗旱能力的马铃薯品种,通过2a的田间试验,研究了不同土壤基质势阈值对土壤水分状况、马铃薯产量与灌溉水利用效率等的影响,以确定马铃薯适宜的土壤基质势阈值来指导灌溉。2012年布置了3个处理,在马铃薯定苗后分别控制垄中心20cm深度处土壤基质势阈值为-20、-30和-40kPa,2013年增加了1个-10kPa处理。结果]大型喷灌机灌溉条件下监控垄中心20cm深度处土壤基质势可较好地调控马铃薯农田的土壤水分状况;①指导灌溉的土壤基质势阈值越高,马铃薯生育期内0~30cm深度平均土壤基质势越高,并且变化幅度越平缓;土壤基质势阈值越低,0~30cm深度平均土壤基质势越低,且变化越剧烈;40cm深度以下土壤水分状况与土壤基质势阈值的关系不明显。②不同抗旱能力马铃薯品种的产量都随着土壤基质势阈值的降低而线性降低,当阈值低于-15.8 kPa时,土壤基质势每降低1kPa,产量降低1.8%,且主要表现在大薯(W≥250g)和中薯(150g≤ W<250g)质量的降低,单株结薯个数基本不受影响。③灌溉水利用效率随着土壤基质势的降低而线性增加,表现为土壤基质势每降低1 kPa,灌溉水利用效率升高1.3%。结论]砂质土壤大型喷灌机灌溉或类似农业生产条件下,推荐监控垄中心20cm深度处土壤基质势来指导施肥灌溉,并且土壤基质势阈值建议为-15.8 kPa左右,在淀粉积累期之后可考虑适当地降低土壤基质势阈值,以获得高产和较高的灌溉水利用效率。
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤水分 喷灌 喷灌机 灌溉水利用效率 土壤 |
Using Soil Matric Potential in Sandy Soil as an Proxy for Irrigation Time in Sprinkle Irrigation of Potato |
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| FENG Zhiwen,WAN Shuqin,KANG Yaohu,SUN Qinghua,WANG Qiang.Using Soil Matric Potential in Sandy Soil as an Proxy for Irrigation Time in Sprinkle Irrigation of Potato[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2019(6):8-16. |
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| Authors: | FENG Zhiwen WAN Shuqin KANG Yaohu SUN Qinghua WANG Qiang |
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| Institution: | ,Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia University,Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Agricultural Office of Tuanbo Town,Jinghai County, Tianjin |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】Irrigating time is a key parameter in irrigation schedule and in this paper, we evaluated the feasibility of using soil matric potential measured at a specific location in soil as an indicator to determine the timing of sprinkle irrigation of potato in a sandy soil.【Method】Two drought-resistant cultivars, Shepody(weak drought-resistant) and Favorita(strong drought-resistant), were used as the model plants in a two-year field experiment. The soil matric potential measured at 20 cm underneath the ridge after seedling stage was used as proxy for irrigation time. For each treatment we measured soil moisture distribution, yield and water use efficiency of the potatoes. In 2012, we compared three soil matric potentials:-20 kPa,-30 kPa and-40 kPa, and in 2013 we added another matric potential of-10 kPa.【Result】The indicative matric potential can be used to improve soil moisture distribution under sprinkle irrigation. With the indicative soil matric potential increasing, the average matric potential in 0～30 soil increased and became more stable, yet the soil matric potential in soil below 40 cm was not very sensitive to the indicative matric potential. The yield of the two cultivars decreased linearly with the decrease in the indicative soil matric potential, and dropping the matric potential below-15.8 kPa led to a yield reduction at 1.8% per 1 kPa, caused mainly by decrease in larger potato weighting >250 g and medium potato weighting in 150 g ≤W<250 g although the number of tubers per plant remained unaffected. Irrigation water use efficiency increased linearly with the decrease in soil matric potential at a rate of 1.3% per kPa.【Conclusion】Under large-scale sprinkler irrigation, the soil matric potential measured at 20 cm below the ridge can be used as a proxy for irrigation time. For potatoes grown in sandy soil studied in this paper,-15.8 kPa can be used as the indicative matric potential initially and it can be reduced as plant grow. This was proven able to sustain yield and in the meantime improve irrigation water use efficiency. |
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| Keywords: | soil moisture sprinkler irrigation sprinkler irrigation water use efficiency soil |
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