| 不同施肥措施对洞庭湖区旱地肥力及作物产量的影响 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 陈鸽,汤春纯,李祖胜,黄运湘,曾希柏,文炯,高雪,张骞.不同施肥措施对洞庭湖区旱地肥力及作物产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(5):689-697. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 陈鸽 汤春纯 李祖胜 黄运湘 曾希柏 文炯 高雪 张骞 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1. 湖南省岳阳市农业科学研究所/农业部岳阳农业环境科学观测实验站 岳阳 414000;湖南农业大学资源环境学院 长沙 410000;2. 湖南省岳阳市农业科学研究所/农业部岳阳农业环境科学观测实验站 岳阳 414000;3. 湖南农业大学资源环境学院 长沙 410000;4. 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 北京 100081;5. 西藏自治区农牧科学院 拉萨 850002 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划项目（2012BAD05B06）和湖南省耕地质量监测项目（hn-43270）资助 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 应用长期定位试验方法,研究了洞庭湖区非粮食作物棉花-油菜轮作下,农民习惯施肥(TF)、配方施肥(NPK)及有机肥和化肥不同配比模式有机肥来源氮占配方肥总氮量的50%(50%OM)、30%(30%OM)和10%(10%OM)]的作物产量和土壤养分的变化,以期为相应作物种植制度下的合理施肥提供参考。研究结果表明:在本试验施肥量及有机无机肥配比下,有机肥和化肥配施显著提高了棉花和油菜的产量,且以50%OM处理产量最高,各处理产量的顺序为50%OM30%OM10%OMNPKTFCK(不施肥对照);当有机氮施用量占总氮量的50%时(50%OM处理),棉花和油菜产量分别比NPK处理高24.52%、29.57%,比习惯施肥(TF)处理分别高46.03%和49.07%。同时,施用有机肥各处理作物产量的年际变化均不到20%,明显小于NPK、TF和CK处理,即施用有机肥不仅能促进旱地作物高产,同时也能保证其稳产。有机肥与化肥配施能增加土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量,且以50%OM处理效果最好,与试验前比较的增加幅度分别达57.5%、38.2%、65.1%和48.1%;土壤有效磷含量有随施入磷素量的增加而增加趋势;而CK处理土壤有机质和养分含量则均呈逐年下降的趋势。各处理土壤有机质和养分含量(Y)随试验年限(X)的变化均可用方程式Y=a X+b来表示。在洞庭湖区肥力较高的旱地土壤中,合理的有机肥和化肥施用比例对保障非粮作物高产稳产和耕地地力提升尤为重要,且本试验条件下当有机肥来源氮占总施氮量的50%时能获得最佳效果。
|
| 关 键 词： | 棉花-油菜轮作 长期定位试验 有机肥和化肥配比 作物产量 土壤肥力 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/9/14 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/12/6 0:00:00 |
Influence of different fertilization modes on soil fertility and crop yield in Dongting Lake upland areas |
| |
| CHEN Ge,TANG Chunchun,LI Zusheng,HUANG Yunxiang,ZENG Xibai,WEN Jiong,GAO Xue and ZHANG Qian.Influence of different fertilization modes on soil fertility and crop yield in Dongting Lake upland areas[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(5):689-697. |
| |
| Authors: | CHEN Ge TANG Chunchun LI Zusheng HUANG Yunxiang ZENG Xibai WEN Jiong GAO Xue and ZHANG Qian |
| |
| Institution: | Institute of Yueyang Agricultural Sciences/Experimental Station of Yueyang Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Yueyang 414000, China;College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China,Institute of Yueyang Agricultural Sciences/Experimental Station of Yueyang Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Yueyang 414000, China,Institute of Yueyang Agricultural Sciences/Experimental Station of Yueyang Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Yueyang 414000, China,College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China,Institute of Environment and Sustainable Agricultural Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China,Institute of Yueyang Agricultural Sciences/Experimental Station of Yueyang Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Yueyang 414000, China,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry, Lhasa 850002, China and Institute of Environment and Sustainable Agricultural Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China |
| |
| Abstract: | An experiment was conducted under cotton-rapeseed crop rotation system in upland areas of Dongting Lake to determine the effect of different fertilization modes on soil fertility and crop yield. The treatments in the experiment included none fertilization (control), conventional fertilization (TF), formula fertilization (NPK) and different combinations of chemical and organic fertilizers (10%OM, 30%OM and 50%OM, in which 10%, 30% and 50% of total N was from organic fertilizer). The results indicated that combined inorganic and organic fertilizer application greatly improved yields of cotton and rapeseed, with the highest yield under 50%OM treatment. The order of yields from high to low was: 50%OM, 30%OM, 10%OM, NPK, TP and CK. The yields of cotton and rapeseed under 50%OM were respectively 24.52% and 29.57% higher than those under TP and also 46.03% and 49.07% higher than those under NPK. The inter-annual variation in crop yields under organic fertilizer treatments was less than 20%, which was obviously lower than those under TP, NPK and control. Organic fertilizer application not only improved crop yield, but also supported stable production. 50%OM treatment increased soil organic matter, total N, alkali-hydrolyzable N and quick-acting K respectively by 57.5%, 38.2%, 65.1% and 48.1% over those before the experiment. Soil available P increased with increasing application of P fertilizer. However, soil organic matter and nutrient content decreased in control treatment. The linear equation (y=ax+b) well fitted the changes in soil organic matter and nutrient (y) with time (x). Reasonable application of organic plus inorganic fertilizers had significant potential to improve crop yield and soil fertility in upland soils in Dongting Lake area. The 50%OM treatment showed the best effects under the experimental conditions. |
| |
| Keywords: | Cotton-rapeseed rotation Long-term static experiment Organic plus inorganic fertilization Crop yield Soil fertility |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《中国生态农业学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《中国生态农业学报》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
