| 黄土高原坡耕地的细沟侵蚀及其防治途径 |
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| 引用本文： | 郑粉莉.黄土高原坡耕地的细沟侵蚀及其防治途径[J].水土保持研究,1988,0(1):19-25. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郑粉莉 |
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| 摘 要： | 陕北典型黄土丘陵沟壑区的定位观测、野外调查和室内一系列人工降雨试验资料，表明了细沟侵蚀量占坡面侵蚀量的70%。而细沟侵蚀的发生是在坡面股流的流程上，当径流侵蚀力增大到足以冲刷土块，形成小跌水，进而演化为细沟下切沟头时，细沟侵蚀就开始发生了。下切沟头的下切侵蚀和下切沟头间径流对沟底的冲刷、沟头的溯源侵蚀、沟壁的崩塌形成了断续细沟，而位于一条股流流程上多个断续沟头溯源侵蚀的连接就形成了连续细沟。在这个过程中。由于降雨径流侵蚀力和土壤抗侵蚀力在时空上的强弱对比关系，出现了细沟的分叉、合并及连通现象。所有这些过程不但促进了细沟的发展，而且也造成了严重的细沟侵蚀。降雨径流侵蚀力。土壤抗侵蚀性能，坡度、坡长、坡形和土地管理因素是影响细沟侵蚀的主要因素。因此。防治细沟侵蚀的关键是削弱降雨径流侵蚀力和提高土壤的抗侵蚀性能。而免耕留茬、覆盖、草粮带状间作、水平沟种植及土地的合理利用是防治细沟侵蚀行之有效的措施。
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Rill Erosion and Its Control in the Slopping Farmland of the Loess Plateau |
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| Zheng Fenli.Rill Erosion and Its Control in the Slopping Farmland of the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1988,0(1):19-25. |
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| Authors: | Zheng Fenli |
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| Abstract: | A lot of data from simulated rainfall test in room and fixed observation,field survey in the typical hilly-gully area of Loess Plateau,North Shaanxi Province,show that soil loss from rill erosion takes up 70% of total soil loss in the slope.In the detachment flow-way of slope surface, as the runoff erosivity is great enough to wash soil lump and to form waterfalls,further the waterfalls evolving into headcuts in rill,rill erosion occures.Unconnected rills are formed by downward erosion of headcuts and runoff washing rill bottom between headcuts,drawing back of the headcuts and collapsing of the rill wall.Thus the connection of several unconnected rill headcuts drawing back forms connected rill in a flowway of the detachment flow.In this process,diverging,merging,connecting happen because of variation of rainfall erosivity and soil erodibility temporally and spatially. Rainfall erosivity,soil erodibility,steepness and length and shape of slope and land management are main factor for rill erosion.Therefore,it is important toreduce rainfall and runoffergsivity and to improve soil erodibility for rill control.And zero-tillage with stubble and mulch,crop-grass strip intercropping,leveling furrow planting and rational land use are effective measure for rill control. |
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