| 烟嘧磺隆降解菌株DT-4的降解特性及对高粱药害的缓解作用 |
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| 引用本文： | 张建华,曹昌林,郝佳丽,白文斌,曹健.烟嘧磺隆降解菌株DT-4的降解特性及对高粱药害的缓解作用[J].中国生物防治学报,2022,38(5):1252-1260. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张建华 曹昌林 郝佳丽 白文斌 曹健 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 山西农业大学高粱研究所/高粱遗传与种质创新山西省重点实验室, 晋中 030600;2. 原平市农业农村局, 原平 034100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000803-3);山西省重点研发计划(201903D221057);高粱遗传与种质创新山西省重点实验室项目(2019Q-5);山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设(杂粮)(2022-03);酿造专用高粱育种及利用山西省科技创新团队(201805D131012-6);国家基础性长期性监测项目(ZX04S0406000,AES2020S0406) |
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| 摘 要： | 土壤中烟嘧磺隆残留可对后茬作物产生不同程度药害。为解决玉米地烟嘧磺隆残留对后茬作物高粱药害问题，使用前期筛选出的烟嘧磺隆高效降解菌株绿木霉Trichoderma virens DT-4，通过高效液相色谱-质谱法检测其降解率，利用室内盆栽生测结合田间小区试验方法，确定降解菌株对土壤中烟嘧磺隆降解效果，降低烟嘧磺隆残留对高粱的药害。结果显示，烟嘧磺隆残留浓度在0.0025～0.1 ug/mL范围内，标准曲线线性良好，符合农残分析要求；PDB液体培养基中烟嘧磺隆在DT-4降解菌处理100 h的降解率高达93.00%；菌株最佳降解条件为培养温度35 ℃、pH 5、最适接种量5%、烟嘧磺隆初始质量浓度200 mg/L。盆栽试验土壤中烟嘧磺隆残留浓度为0.075 mg/kg时，加入降解菌DT-4后能够明显缓解高粱的株高、根长、鲜重、叶绿素含量、根系活力和净光合速率等生长发育指标，对高粱生长有明显的促进作用。田间小区试验中，不同剂型降解菌剂处理，高粱抽穗期效果最为显著，降解菌能够将低于60 g a.i./hm2烟嘧磺隆污染土壤的高粱修复至无明显药害水平，且降解菌剂应用效果为粉剂＞菌液。本研究表明高效降解菌株绿木霉DT-4可有效缓解烟嘧磺隆残留对后茬作物高粱的毒害作用，为玉米高粱轮作体系下烟嘧磺隆残留污染土壤的微生物修复提供科学参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 烟嘧磺隆 残留药害 绿木霉 生物修复 高粱 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-11-02 |
Degradation Characteristics of Nicosulfuron Degrading Strain DT-4 and Its Mitigation Effect on Sorghum Phytotoxicity |
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| ZHANG Jianhua,CAO Changlin,HAO Jiali,BAI Wenbin,CAO Jian.Degradation Characteristics of Nicosulfuron Degrading Strain DT-4 and Its Mitigation Effect on Sorghum Phytotoxicity[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2022,38(5):1252-1260. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Jianhua CAO Changlin HAO Jiali BAI Wenbin CAO Jian |
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| Institution: | 1. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation/Institute of Sorghum, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, China;2. Yuanping Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Yuanping 034100, China |
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| Abstract: | The nicosulfuron residues in soil can cause different degrees of phytotoxicity to succession crops.In order to solve the problem that nicosulfuron residues in cornfield are phytotoxic to the succession crop sorghum,and to reduce their phytotoxicity on sorghum,the high-efficiency nicosulfuron-degrading strain,Trichoderma virens DT-4,which was screened out in a previous stage,was used to detect the degradation rate by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Degradation effect of degrading strain on nicosulfuron in soil was determined by the indoor potted plant bioassay combined with field plot trials method.The results showed that when the residual concentration of nicosulfuron was in the range of 0.0025-0.1 ug/mL,the standard curve was of good linearity,indicating that the requirements for pesticide residue analysis were met.The degradation rate of nicosulfuron in PDB liquid medium reached as high as 93.00% when treated with DT-4 degrading bacteria for 100 h.The optimal degradation conditions for the strain were culture temperature 35℃,pH 5,optimal inoculum amount 5%,and the initial mass concentration of nicosulfuron 200 mg/L.When the residual concentration of nicosulfuron in the soil for pot experiment was 0.075 mg/kg,the addition of degrading bacteria DT-4 could significantly alleviate the growth and development of sorghum as shown in the indexes such as plant height,root length,fresh weight,chlorophyll content,root activity and net photosynthetic rate,indicating that it obviously promoted the growth of sorghum.In the field plot trials,after being treated with pesticide-degrading bacteria of different formulations,the most significant effect was observed at the heading stage of sorghum.The degrading bacteria could restore the sorghum in soil contaminated with nicosulfuron of less than 60 g a.i./hm2 to a level without any obvious phytotoxicity.Among all the pesticide-degrading bacteria,the application effect of powder was better than that of bacteria solution.This study shows that the high-efficiency degrading strain T.virens DT-4 can effectively alleviate the phytotoxicity of nicosulfuron residues on succession crop sorghum,thus provide a scientific reference for the microbial remediation of soil contaminated with nicosulfuron residues under the corn-sorghum crop rotation system.When concentration of nicosulfuron in pot experiment soil was 0.075 mg/kg,the addition of degrading bacteria DT-4 could significantly alleviate the growth and development of sorghum plant height,root length,fresh weight,chlorophyll content,root activity and net photosynthetic rate,indicating that it had obvious promotion effect on the growth of sorghum.In the field plot test,different formulations of degrading inoculants had the most significant effect at the heading stage of sorghum.The degrading bacteria could restore the sorghum with less than 60 g a.i./hm2 of nicosulfuron-contaminated soil to a level without obvious phytotoxicity,and the application effect of the degrading bacterial powder was better than that of bacteria liquid.This study showed that the high-efficiency degrading strain T. viridans DT-4 could effectively alleviate the toxic effect of nicosulfuron residues on subsequent crop sorghum,and provide a scientific reference for the microbial remediation of soil polluted by nicosulfuron-methyl residues under the corn sorghum crop rotation system. |
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| Keywords: | nicosulfuron residual phytotoxicity Trichoderma virens bioremediation sorghum |
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