| 土壤分流式宽苗带小麦少耕播种机设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 郑侃,刘国阳,国立伟,程健,夏俊芳,李宇飞.土壤分流式宽苗带小麦少耕播种机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2022,53(2):128-138. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郑侃 刘国阳 国立伟 程健 夏俊芳 李宇飞 |
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| 作者单位： | 华中农业大学 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（31901412）和中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目（2662018QD033） |
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| 摘 要： | 为实现长江中下游农业区宽苗带小麦少耕播种需求，本研究结合区域小麦种植农艺特点，设计一种土壤分流式宽苗带小麦少耕播种机。通过对表土盖种装置结构与抛土运动学分析，设计耕抛刀辊结构参数，得到覆盖种带运动学条件；通过对沟土匀摊装置结构及螺旋叶片作用下土壤受力与速度分析，设计沟土匀摊装置结构参数，明确影响播种深度与其稳定性关键因素为终止螺旋极径、螺距、螺旋叶片转速。以播种深度合格率与播种深度稳定性系数为评价指标，运用离散元仿真结合中心组合正交试验，建立播种深度合格率与播种深度稳定性系数回归方程，确定较优参数组合为终止螺旋极径119 mm、螺距140 mm、螺旋叶片转速98 r/min,此时，播种深度合格率为86.38%、播种深度稳定性系数为78.84%。在稻茬离田与稻茬还田两种模式下田间试验表明，机具作业运行稳定，厢沟质量满足小麦后期生长排水需求，镇压辊滑移率良好，试验过程未出现稻茬、秸秆缠绕堵塞现象；两种模式下播种深度合格率分别为83.12%、80.67%;播种深度稳定性系数分别为74.78%、72.25%,满足长江中下游农业区宽苗带小麦少耕播种标准和农艺要求。
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| 关 键 词： | 小麦播种机 少耕 土壤分流 宽苗带 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/10/27 0:00:00 |
Design and Experiment of Wide-boundary Seldom-tillage Wheat Planter with Soil-shunting Function |
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| ZHENG Kan,LIU Guoyang,GUO Liwei,CHENG Jian,XIA Junfang,LI Yufei.Design and Experiment of Wide-boundary Seldom-tillage Wheat Planter with Soil-shunting Function[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(2):128-138. |
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| Authors: | ZHENG Kan LIU Guoyang GUO Liwei CHENG Jian XIA Junfang LI Yufei |
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| Institution: | Huazhong Agricultural University |
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| Abstract: | To realize the demand of wide-boundary wheat sowing with seldom-tillage in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River agricultural zone, a wide-boundary seldom-tillage wheat planter with soil-shunting function was designed based on the regional wheat growing agronomic characteristics. By analyzing the structure of the seed covering device and kinematics of soil particle, the structural parameters of the blade roller were designed and the kinematic requirements of seed covering were obtained. The structure and dynamics of the uniform distribution device for furrow soil and force and velocity analysis of soil particles under the spiral blade were analyzed to design the uniform distribution device structural parameters. The key factors affecting the sowing depth and stability were clarified, including the termination spiral pole diameter, pitch and spiral blade speed. Using the sowing depth qualification rate and sowing depth stability coefficient as the evaluation index, the regression equation of sowing depth qualification rate and sowing depth stability coefficient was established by using discrete element simulation combined with central combination orthogonal experiment. The optimal combination of parameters was obtained as follows, the termination spiral pole diameter, pitch and spiral blade speed were 119mm, 140mm and 98r/min, respectively. Under the optimal combination of parameters, the seed depth qualification rate was 86.38% and the seed depth stability coefficient was 78.84%. The field experiment results in two modes with and without straw showed that the operation of the machine was stable, the quality of the furrow met the later growth and drainage needs of wheat, the sliding rate of the pressing roller was good, and the stubble and straw did not entangle or block the seeder during the experiment. Under the two modes, the sowing depth qualification rates were 83.12% and 80.67%, and the seed depth stability coefficients were 74.78% and 72.25%, respectively, which satisfied the agronomic requirements. |
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| Keywords: | wheat planter seldom-tillage soil-shunting wide-boundary |
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