| 苹果起源演化的考察研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 李育农.苹果起源演化的考察研究[J].园艺学报,1999,26(4):213-220. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李育农 |
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| 作者单位： | 西南农业大学园艺系,重庆400716 |
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| 摘 要： | 苹果是栽培种。塞威士苹果Ｍａｌｕｓｓｉｅｖｅｒｉｓｉｉ（Ｌｅｄ．）Ｒｏｅｍ。是苹果的野生种。中国苹果和西洋苹果皆起源于塞威士苹果。西洋苹果（苹果）起源于中亚的威士苹果，但杂有高加索东方苹果Ｍ．ｏｒｅｉｎｔａｌｉｓＵｇｌｉｔｚ．和欧洲森林苹果Ｍ．ＳｙｌｖｅｒｓｔｒｉｓＭｉｌｌ的基因，而中国苹果则是从新疆塞威士苹果的纯系驯化而来的栽培种。；现代苹果果产的大小、色泽、品质及成熟期等性状的多样性，是祖先种
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| 关 键 词： | 苹果 起源 演化 考察 |
| 修稿时间： | 1999-02-02 |
An Investigation and Studies on the Origin and Evolution of Malus domestica Borkh.in the World |
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| Li Yunong.An Investigation and Studies on the Origin and Evolution of Malus domestica Borkh.in the World[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,1999,26(4):213-220. |
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| Authors: | Li Yunong |
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| Abstract: | Malus domestica Borkh.is a cultivated species,and M.sieversii (Led.)Roem.is the wild species of M.domestica Borkh.Chinese apple(Nai,softapple)and the western apple M.domestica Borkh.both are originated from M.sieversii (Led.)Roem. M.domestica Borkh.was originated from the M.sieversii (Led)Roem.in the midland of The Mid Asia.It was a hybrid originated from three species. M.sieversii (Led.)Roem., M.orientalis Uglitz.and M.sylvestris Mill.Chinese apple is a cultigen derived directly from M.sieversii (Led.)Roem.The modern variation in fruit character of cultivated apple such as size,color,quality and ripening stage are all the characters which have already formed in the ancestor species of apple during the hundreds and thousands of nature evolution years.Because some of the variations directly meet the needs of human beings,these variations have domesticated and transformed into modern culti types.This process of evolution can still be found in the populations of M.sieversii (Led.)Roem.which grow at the places not far from where inhabited by human beings.The species diversity of M.sieversii (Led.)Roem in Mid Asia areas is the combined result of mutual variations of the species and interspecies hybridization of Malus Mill.During the long history of domestication of wild types the useful economical characters of plant were purposely maintained and all these characteristics accumulated and formed the genetic basis of modern colorful cultivation of western apple( M.domesticu Borkh.). M.sieversii (Led.)Roem.populations now distributed in the branch of Tianshan Mountain were the survivals of the species which had been eroded repeatedly by the glacier during the fourth period of geological time.The genetic diversity of M.sieversii is a comprehensive result caused by the change of climates diffe rences of potography,intro species hybridization and competitions among populations which have di fferent adaptability of warm or humid climate conditions.These complex characteristics were late used and improved by human beings in the history of plant evolution. |
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| Keywords: | Apple Origin Evolution |
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