Soil organic carbon and nitrogen in a Mollisol in central Ohio as affected by tillage and land use |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;2. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Cooperative Extension, USA;3. Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;4. College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;5. Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA;6. Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland;7. USDA–ARS, Soil and Water Management Unit, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;8. Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;1. Agroscope, Department of Natural Resources & Agriculture, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046 Zürich, Switzerland;2. Bern Office of Agriculture & Nature, Soil Conservation Service, Ruetti, CH-3052 Zollikofen, Switzerland;3. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Soil & Environment, Box 7014, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;4. Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL, Länggasse 85, CH-3052 Zollikofen, Switzerland;5. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Crop Production Ecology, P.O. Box 7043, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China;2. Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha 410125, China;3. Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;1. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China;2. Quebec Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2560 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec, QC G1V 2J3, Canada;3. Department of Soil and water, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China |
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| Abstract: | Minimum tillage practices are known for increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). However, not all environmental situations may manifest this potential change. The SOC and N stocks were assessed on a Mollisol in central Ohio in an 8-year-old tillage experiment as well as under two relatively undisturbed land uses; a secondary forest and a pasture on the same soil type. Cropped systems had 51±4 (equiv. mass) Mg ha?1 lower SOC and lower 3.5±0.3 (equiv. mass) Mg ha?1 N in the top 30 cm soil layer than under forest. Being a secondary forest, the loss in SOC and N stocks by cultivation may have been even more than these reported herein. No differences among systems were detected below this depth. The SOC stock in the pasture treatment was 29±3 Mg ha?1 greater in the top 10 cm layer than in cultivated soils, but was similar to those under forest and no-till (NT). Among tillage practices (plow, chisel and NT) only the 0–5 cm soil layer under NT exhibited higher SOC and N concentrations. An analysis of the literature of NT effect on SOC stocks, using meta-analysis, suggested that NT would have an overall positive effect on SOC sequestration rate but with a greater variability of what was previously reported. The average sequestration rate of NT was 330 kg SOC ha?1 year?1 with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 47 to 620 kg SOC ha?1 year?1. There was no effect of soil texture or crop rotation on the SOC sequestration rate that could explain this variability. The conversion factor for SOC stock changes from plow to NT was equal to 1.04. This suggests that the complex mechanisms and pathways of SOC accrual warrant a cautious approach when generalizing the beneficial changes of NT on SOC stocks. |
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