| 氮肥对吉林春玉米产量、农学效率和氮养分平衡的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 侯云鹏,尹彩侠,孔丽丽,秦裕波,李前,于雷,王立春,谢佳贵.氮肥对吉林春玉米产量、农学效率和氮养分平衡的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(6):93-98. |
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| 作者姓名： | 侯云鹏 尹彩侠 孔丽丽 秦裕波 李前 于雷 王立春 谢佳贵 |
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| 作者单位： | 农业部东北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室/吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,吉林 长春,130033 |
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| 基金项目： | 吉林省科技发展计划(20130305031NY)，国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B14、2013BAD07B02、2012BAD04B02)，农业部行业专项(201303103)，中国-国际植物营养研究所( IPNI)合作项目(BFDP-Jilin-2015)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为解决东北地区玉米合理施用氮肥问题,于2014年在吉林省中部地区通过田间试验,研究了不同施氮量(0、70、140、210、280 kg/hm2)对玉米产量、氮素吸收利用、土壤无机氮积累变化规律及氮素平衡的影响。结果表明,施氮量在70~210 kg/hm2范围内玉米产量随施氮量的增加而增加,当施氮量增加至280 kg/hm2产量下降,根据玉米产量(y)和施氮量(x)拟合得出线性加平台关系式:y=14.63x+8 734.11(R2=0.924**),得出最佳施氮量为184.0 kg/hm2。氮素利用率、农学利用率和偏生产力随施氮量的增加而下降;氮收获指数随施氮量的增加先增后降,以施氮量210 kg/hm2处理最高,为64.9%。土壤无机氮积累量在玉米整个生育期呈现先快速下降后小幅升高的趋势。玉米成熟期施氮处理各层土壤无机氮积累量均高于不施氮肥处理,且基本随施氮量的增加而增加。玉米收获后土壤无机氮残留量在施氮量70~210 kg/hm2范围内显著增加,施氮量增加至280 kg/hm2不再显著增加;氮表观损失量随施氮量的增加显著增加。玉米氮吸收量、土壤无机氮残留量和氮表观损失量与施氮量呈显著的正向相关性,玉米氮吸收量、土壤无机氮残留量和氮表观损失量分别占增加氮量的21.84%、41.19%和36.97%。综上所述,在本试验条件下,最佳施氮范围为184~210 kg/hm2。
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| 关 键 词： | 施氮量 春玉米 氮肥利用率 土壤无机氮 氮素平衡 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/11/13 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/3/8 0:00:00 |
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield,agronomic efficiency and nitrogen balance of spring maize |
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| Abstract: | The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application (0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg/hm2 ) on maize yield, nitrogen absorption and utilization, the change law of soil inorganic nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen balance were studied through field experiment in the central area of Jilin province in 2014, to provide reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer for maize in north-east region of China. Results showed that maize yield increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application at the range of 70~210 kg/hm2 , but declined at 280 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer application. N rate at optimum yield was 184. 0 kg/hm2 by simulating equation of linear and platform, the equation between maize yield ( y) and nitrogen fertilizer application ( x) was es-tablished: y=14. 63x+8 734. 11, R2 =0. 924??. Nitrogen recovery efficiency in season, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and par-tial factor productivity were declined with the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer application, respectively. Nitrogen harvest index in-creased at first and decreased later with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application, and the highest value was 64. 9% at 210 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer application. The accumulation of soil inorganic nitrogen declined rapidly at first and increased slowly later at the whole growth stages of maize. The accumulation of soil inorganic nitrogen in each layer soil of nitrogen fertilizer treat-ments were all higher than that of no fertilizer treatment at mature period of maize, and increased with the increase of nitrogen fer-tilizer application generally. The residual of soil inorganic nitrogen increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application at the range of 70~210 kg/hm2 after maize harvest, but didn’t increased significantly at 280 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertil-izer application. The apparent losses increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application. The nitrogen ab-sorption, the residual of soil inorganic nitrogen and apparent nitrogen losses of maize had significantly positive correlations with the nitrogen fertilizer application, and accounted for 21. 84%, 41. 19% and 36. 97% of the total nitrogen input, respectively. Therefore, the optimum nitrogen application rate was at the range of 184~210 kg/hm2 under the conditions of this experiment. |
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| Keywords: | nitrogen fertilizer application spring maize nitrogen use efficiency Nmin in soil nitrogen balance |
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