| 不同有机物料强还原处理对土壤性状影响与防控辣椒疫病效果 |
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| 引用本文： | 王光飞,马艳,安霞,赵建锋,罗德旭,孙玉东.不同有机物料强还原处理对土壤性状影响与防控辣椒疫病效果[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(5):124-129. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王光飞 马艳 安霞 赵建锋 罗德旭 孙玉东 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，农业部江苏耕地保育科学观测实验站，江苏 南京 210014;2. 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏 淮安,223001 |
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| 基金项目： | 农业部公益性行业专项(201303023)；江苏省苏北科技发展计划(BN2015087)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 在室内试验条件下研究了土壤添加菜粕或秸秆后进行淹水处理对辣椒疫病发生率的影响,并从土壤理化和生物学性状及病原菌数量方面进行解析。结果表明:淹水结束时,菜粕处理和秸秆处理土壤Eh值比对照低267和228 m V,而有机酸、酚酸和铵态氮含量分别是对照的2.96和4.39倍、2.59和3.73倍、3.21和0.38倍。与对照相比,两种强还原处理更显著地减少放线菌数量和极显著增加细菌数量,且菜粕处理效果更为明显。秸秆处理真菌数量显著上升,菜粕处理却显著下降。两种强还原处理均显著提高土壤多酚氧化酶活和纤维素酶活,降低脲酶活,但秸秆处理纤维素酶活显著高于菜粕处理,而多酚氧化酶活和脲酶活显著低于菜粕处理。秸秆处理消除辣椒疫霉效果显著强于对照和菜粕处理,栽植后对照和菜粕处理的辣椒疫霉数量增至35.9和15.6个辣椒疫霉/g干土,而秸秆处理的辣椒疫霉数量为0。对照、菜粕处理和秸秆处理发病率分别为16.7%、3.3%和0。两种强还原处理可能通过改变土壤Eh值、铵态氮含量、有机酸和酚酸含量进而减少辣椒疫霉数量,并通过改变土壤微生物群落和土壤酶活抑制辣椒疫霉的生存和致病力。菜粕和秸秆强还原处理对土壤铵态氮、有机酸、酚酸、纤维素酶和真菌等方面的影响差异显著,这可能是两者防效差异的主要原因。
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| 关 键 词： | 有机物料 强还原处理 土壤性状 辣椒疫病 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/8/3 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2015/11/12 0:00:00 |
Effect of different intensively reductive treatments by organic materials on soil character and disease control of phytophthora blight of chilli pepper |
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| Abstract: | Effects of different intensively reductive treatments by using rapeseed meal and straw on soil bio-physicochemical properties and the disease incidence of pepper blight were studied with soil treatment and pot experiment. Compared with CK ( flooding) , soil Eh of RM ( flooding with rapeseed meal) and RS ( flooding with rice straw) treatments were significantly de-creased in flooding stage. Organic acid and phenolic acid content were significantly increased. And ammonium nitrogen content changed significantly. Both intensively reductive treatments ( RM and RS) reduced the number of soil actinomycetes and sig-nificantly increased the number of soil bacteria, especially with the RM treatment. The number of fungi was significantly raised in RS treatment, while significantly reduced in RM treatment. RM and RS treatments increased soil polyphenoloxidase and cel-lulase activities, but decreased soil urease activity. The soil cellulase activity of RS treatments was higher than that of RM treatment, but the soil polyphenoloxidase and urease activities were opposite. Compared with CK, RM and RS treatments de-creased the amount of P. capsic in soil, especially with RS treatment. The number of P. capsic in CK, RM and RS treatments at 45 days after planting were respectively 35. 9, 15. 6 and 0 P. capsic/g dry soil. And the incidence rates were respectively 16. 7%, 3. 3% and 0. RM and RS treatments could reduce the number of P. capsic by changing soil Eh, ammonium nitrogen content, organic acids content and phenolic acid content, and inhibit the survival and virulence of P. capsic by changing the soil microbial communities and soil enzyme activities. But there were obvious difference between RM and RS treatments in am-monium nitrogen content, organic acids content, phenolic acid content, cellulase activity and the number of fungi. And it may be the main reason for difference between RM and RS treatments in control efficiency. |
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| Keywords: | organic material intensively reductive treatment soil properties phytophthora blight of chilli pepper |
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