| 不同植物篱系统对坡耕地农田径流污染物的去除效果 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘强,邓仕槐,敬子卉,罗春燕,周鑫,陈红春,梁智强,王紫麟.不同植物篱系统对坡耕地农田径流污染物的去除效果[J].农业环境与发展,2016(6):1136-1143. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘强 邓仕槐 敬子卉 罗春燕 周鑫 陈红春 梁智强 王紫麟 |
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| 作者单位： | 四川农业大学环境学院,成都,611130 |
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| 基金项目： | 四川省青年科技创新团队项目(2014TD0019) |
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| 摘 要： | 采用人工模拟实验，探讨了四种植物篱系统在不同坡度（5°、10°和20°）、不同污染物进水浓度（低、中、高）下对坡耕地农田径流污染物TN、TP、NH3-N、TOC、COD的去除效果。植物篱系统分别是红叶石楠+小叶女贞+黑麦草（T1）、红叶石楠+小叶女贞（T2）、小叶女贞+黑麦草（T3）、红叶石楠+黑麦草（T4）。结果表明：植物篱系统对污染物的去除率均随坡度的增加而下降，TP、NH3-N、COD尤为明显，当坡度由5°增加到20°时，TP的去除率由52.25%~76.75%降至33.68%~60.34%，NH3-N的去除率由36.84%~68.33%降至34.30%~45.46%，COD的去除率由13.26%~38.69%降至3.15%~26.74%。除NH3-N外，随污染物进水浓度的升高，植物篱对污染物的去除效果越明显，TP的去除率可由33.33%~60.11%升至57.06%~81.44%，TOC的去除率可由-0.84%~2.92%升至9.64%~17.69%， COD的去除率可由-14.75%~11.25%升至20.62%~42.33%。植物篱系统对TN、TP、NH3-N、TOC、COD的去除效果显著优于裸土（对照系统），在不同坡度下去除率最高分别能由12.81%升至47.02%、34.29%升至76.75%、18.27%升至68.33%、-0.93%升至11.52%、2.31%升至38.69%，在不同污染物进水浓度下分别能由15.57%升至53.05%、37.93%升至81.44%、17.60%升至64.05%、2.92%升至17.69%、-33.40%升至11.25%。总体而言，植物篱系统平均去除效果依次为T1>T4>T3>T2，即红叶石楠+小叶女贞+黑麦草去除效果最佳，这与三种植物的地表覆盖率高、根系发达以及在功能上相互取长补短、协同固定污染物有关。
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| 关 键 词： | 植物篱 坡耕地农田废水 污染物 去除效果 |
Removals of pollutants in surface runoff from sloping farmland using different hedgerow systems |
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| Abstract: | Four hedgerow systems were designed to examine their removal efficiencies of TN, TP, NH3-N, TOC and COD in surface runoff from farm land with different slopes(5°, 10°, 20°) at different influent concentrations(low, medium, high). The hedgerow systems included photinia fraseri+lobular privet+ryegrass(T1);photinia fraseri+lobular privet(T2);lobular privet+ryegrass(T3) and photinia fraseri+rye-grass(T4). Results showed that the removal efficiencies of the pollutants, especially TP, NH3-N and COD, by these 4 hedgerow systems all decreased with increasing slopes. When the slope increased from 5° to 20°, the removal rates decreased from 52.25%~76.75%to 33.68%~60.34%for TP, 36.84%~68.33%to 34.30%~45.46%for NH3-N and 13.26%~38.69%to 3.15%~26.74%for COD, respectively. Increasing influent concentrations increased the pollutant removal efficiencies by the hedgerow systems with an exception of NH3-N. The removal rates of TP, TOC, COD by the hedgerows increased from 33.33%~60.11%to 57.06%~81.44%,-0.84%~2.92%to 9.64%~17.69%and-14.75%~11.25%to 20.62%~42.33%, respectively. as compared with the bare soil system. The removal rates of TN, TP, NH3-N, TOC and COD by hedgerow systems were significantly higher than those in the bare soil, with the maximum removal rates increased from 12.81%to 47.02%,34.29% to 76.75%, 18.27% to 68.33%, -0.93% to 11.52%, and 2.31% to 38.69% under different slopes and from 15.57% to 53.05%, 37.93%to 81.44%, 17.60%to 64.05%, 2.92%to 17.69%and-33.40%to 11.25%at different influent pollutant concentrations, respec-tively. Overall, the average removal rate of pollutants by 4 hedgerow systems was in order of T1>T4>T3>T2, which was related to the high surface coverage, the developed root systems and the interaction among three plants to retard the pollutants. |
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| Keywords: | hedgerow sloping farmland wastewater pollutant removal efficiency |
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