Increasing animal productivity on small mixed farms in South Asia: a systems perspective |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Global Animal Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;2. Central Veterinary Institute, Lelystad, Wageningen UR, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands;3. Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;4. International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya;5. Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, University of Minnesota, 1354 Eckles Avenue, St Paul, Minnesota 22940, USA;6. Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms AL9 7TA, UK;1. Department of Pediatric Hematology, Gulhane Military Academy of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey;2. Regional Blood Center of Gulhane Military Academy of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey;3. Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Gulhane Military Academy of Medicine Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey;4. Department of General Surgery, Gulhane Military Academy of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey;5. Department of Immunology and Allergic Disease, Gulhane Military Academy of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey;6. Department of Department of Biostatistics, Gulhane Military Academy of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey;7. Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Gulhane Military Academy of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | Smallholder crop–animal systems predominate in south Asia, and most of the projected future demands for ruminant meat and milk are expected to be met from the improved productivity of livestock in these mixed farming systems. Despite their importance in the sub-region, there is a paucity of information on research that incorporates animals interactively with cropping. Livestock research has tended to highlight component technologies, often treating diverse and complex mixed farming operations as a single system. Furthermore, little attention has been paid to social, economic or policy issues. Thus, many of the technological interventions have either failed to become adopted at farm level or their uptake has proved unsustainable. This paper reviews aspects of animal production in South Asia; the trends and forecasts for animal populations and products, constraints to productivity, research opportunities and some key examples of technologies that have failed to achieve their full potential on farm. A systems analysis of small-scale crop–livestock operations is advocated, as a precursor for targeting appropriate interventions at farm level to increase animal productivity and protect the natural resources base. |
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