Upland rice grown in soil-filled chambers and exposed to contrasting water-deficit regimes: II. Mapping quantitative trait loci for root morphology and distribution |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK;2. Centre for Arid Zone Studies, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 3UW, UK;1. Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, Uspenskoe, 143030, Russia;2. Laboratory of Mathematical Ecology, A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119017, Russia;1. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom, Menoufia 32511, Egypt;2. Mathematics and Computer Science Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom, Menoufia 32511, Egypt;1. Wuhan Institute of Vegetable Science, Wuhan 430345, China;2. Wuhan Meteorologic Bureau, Wuhan 430040, China;1. PhD. student, Agronomy, and Plant Breeding Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran;2. Associate Professor, Agronomy, and Plant Breeding Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran;3. Soil and Water Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran;1. Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, CHN, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland;2. Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210095, China;1. Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 B.P. 2031 Cotonou, Benin;2. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Benin Office, Benin;3. Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), East and Southern Africa, P.O. Box 33581, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;4. Programme Recherche Rizicole, Programme Recherche Rizicole, Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB), Bohicon, Benin;5. Programme Riz et Riziculture, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique/Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (CNRST/INERA), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;6. The University of Bonn, Germany;7. Programme Céréales, Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD), Garoua, Cameroon;8. Programme Cultures Annuelles, IRAD, Yaoundé, Cameroon;9. Programme Riz, Institut Tchadien de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (ITRAD), N’Djaména, Chad;10. Programme Riz, Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), Man, Côte d’Ivoire, Côte d’Ivoire;11. Fogera National Rice Research and Training Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Bahir Dar, Ethiopia;12. Cereals Program, National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI), Brikama, Gambia;13. Rice Program, CSIR-Crops Research Institute (CRI), Kumasi, Ghana;14. Rice Research for Development Program, CSIR Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Tamale, Ghana;15. Programme Riz, Institut de Recherche Agronomique de Guinée (IRAG), Kankan, Guinea;p. Département de recherches rizicoles, Centre National de Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural (FOFIFA), Antananarivo, Madagascar;q. Programme Riz Irrigué, Institut d’Economie Rurale (IER), Niono, Mali;r. Université de Tillabéri, Niger;s. Information & Documentation, National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI), Badeggi, Nigeria;t. Institut National pour l’Etude et la Recherche Agronomique (INERA), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo;u. Rwanda Agricultural Board (RAB), Kigali, Rwanda;v. Soil and Crop Resource Management, Rokupr Agricultural Research Centre (RARC), Freetown, Sierra Leone;w. Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania;x. Kilombero Agricultural Research and Training Institute (KATRIN), Private Bag, Ifakara, Tanzania;y. Programme Riz, Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA), Lome, Togo;z. National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Mbale, Uganda |
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| Abstract: | Root morphological characteristics are known to be important in the drought resistance of some rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with root morphology and other drought resistance-related traits should help breeders produce more drought resistant varieties. Stability in the expression of root growth QTL across rooting environments is critical for their use in breeding programs. A greenhouse experiment in which a mapping population of 140 recombinant inbred lines and the parental varieties Bala and Azucena were grown in glass-sided soil chambers and evaluated for root growth and water uptake was conducted. In each of 2 years, two treatments were used; an early water-deficit (WD0) in which seeds were sown into wet soil but received no more water, and a late water-deficit (WD49) in which the plants were watered for 49 days and then received no water for a week. The major differences between treatments and years in dry matter partitioning and root growth traits are reported elsewhere. Here, the identification of QTLs for root growth traits by composite interval mapping is described. At LOD>3.2, there were six QTLs for the weight of roots below 90 cm and maximum root length, 11 for root to shoot ratio, 12 for the number of roots past 100 cm, and 14 for root thickness. A total of 24 regions were identified as containing QTLs (these regions often contained several QTLs identified for different root traits). Some were revealed only in individual experiments and/or for individual traits, while others were common to different traits or experiments. Seven QTLs, on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 7, 9 (two QTLs) and 11, where considered particularly noteworthy. The complex results are discussed in the context of previously reported QTLs for root growth in other populations, the interaction between QTL with the environment and the value of QTLs for breeding. |
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