| 施肥对菜园土壤养分淋溶流失浓度的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 章明清,陈防,林琼,李娟,颜明娟,陈子聪,吴启堂.施肥对菜园土壤养分淋溶流失浓度的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(2):291-299. |
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| 作者姓名： | 章明清 陈防 林琼 李娟 颜明娟 陈子聪 吴启堂 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福建福州 350013; |
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| 基金项目： | 国际植物营养研究所合作项目
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福建省科技厅科研项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 利用盆栽种植空心菜和菜心并收集测定土壤渗漏水氮磷钾养分浓度，研究了不同施肥水平对土壤氮磷钾淋溶流失浓度的影响。试验表明，在较大施肥量或化肥当季损失量范围内，土壤渗漏水硝态氮、总磷和钾浓度与氮、磷、钾施肥量或损失量之间呈非线性关系，但在中低施肥量时则表现为线性关系。化肥当季损失量与土壤渗漏水养分浓度呈显著水平的线性正相关，由此提出“双速率转折点”概念用以评价土壤养分流失潜力。当施肥量或化肥当季损失量超过双速率转折点X0后，土壤淋溶排水养分浓度将以非线性形式急剧增加。因此，从环保角度看，施肥量不应超过X0。盆栽试验表明，以化肥当季损失量为基础的灰泥土、灰黄泥土和黄泥土的氮肥X0分别为每盆N 0.35、0.32和0.34 g，磷肥X0分别为每盆P 0.06、0.06和0.09 g，灰泥土和灰黄泥土的钾肥X0则分别为K 0.17和0.18 g；与土壤渗漏水养分浓度为基础所确定的氮、磷、钾X0有显著水平的线性正相关。以环保为目标的氮磷钾用量X0大多数低于以产量为目标的经济施肥量。化肥当季损失量参数较易获得，可作为环保施肥的依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 菜园土 施肥 养分 淋溶 双速率转折点 |
| 文章编号： | 1008-505X(2008)02-0291-09 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007-3-16 |
| 修稿时间： | 2007年3月16日 |
Effect of fertilization on nutrient leaching loss in garden soil |
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| ZHANG Ming-qing,CHEN Fang,LIN Qiong,LI Juan,YAN Ming-juan,CHEN Zhi-chong,WU Qi-tang.Effect of fertilization on nutrient leaching loss in garden soil[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2008,14(2):291-299. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Ming-qing CHEN Fang LIN Qiong LI Juan YAN Ming-juan CHEN Zhi-chong WU Qi-tang |
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| Institution: | 1.Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Fujian AAS,Fuzhou,350013,China; |
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| Abstract: | This study evaluated the effects of different fertilization rates on soil soluble NPK nutrient concentrations using pot experiments and soil leakage solution testing. The results from trials of water convolvulus （Iponoea aqatica）and flowering Chinese cabbage（Brassica parachinensis）showed that soil NO3--N, total P and K+ concentrations were non-linearly related with N, P, K application rates or their loss quantity in present season, but the relationship was linear at low to middle fertilization rates. There was positive linear correlation between fertilizer loss quantity in present season and nutrient concentrations of soil leakage water. Therefore, the concept of “bi-rate turning point” was put forward to evaluate nutrient loss potential of garden soil. In case of fertilization rates or fertilizer loss quantity over the bi-rate turning point X0, nutrient concentration of soil leakage water increased non-linearly. So, N, P, K application rates shouldn’t be over X0 for environmental protection. Based on present nutrient loss quantity, pot experimental results of gray soil, gray yellow soil and yellow soil showed that the X0 of N were 0.35, 0.32 and 0.34 g per pot, respectively; X0 of P were 0.06, 0.06 and 0.09 g per pot, respectively; X0 of K were 0.17 and 0.18g per pot, respectively, for gray soil and gray yellow soil. These values were positively correlated with the X0 of N, P and K application rates based on nutrient concentration of leakage water. Most of the X0 of N, P and K fertilization rates for environmental protection were lower than the economically optimum fertilization rates for high yield. The parameter of fertilizer loss quantity in present season was easy to obtain and was recommended as a basis for environmental protection fertilization. |
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| Keywords: | garden soil fertilization nutrients leaching bi-rate turning point |
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