Recent developments in elucidating modes of resistance to phenylamide, DMI and strobilurin fungicides |
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| Authors: | U Gisi K M Chin G Knapova R Küng Frber U Mohr S Parisi H Sierotzki U Steinfeld |
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| Institution: | Novartis Crop Protection, Research Biology, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | Resistance risk assessment, analysis of resistance events and risk management are based on elements such as the mode of resistance in target organisms, similarity of inhibitors, detection methods for resistant individuals, and design and validation of product use strategies. The mode of resistance may be analysed in several steps including the molecular, genetic, biochemical, physiological, and population level. Historical and recent findings are described for phenylamide fungicides (PAFs), demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) in sterol biosynthesis and fungicides of the strobilurin-type action and resistance (STAR) group (Qo respiration inhibitors, QoIs) with regard to the site of resistance in target pathogens and the presence of resistant individuals in populations. |
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| Keywords: | Phenylamides DMIs Strobilurins RNA synthesis Lanosterol demethylase Mitochondrial respiration Cytochrome b gene |
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