| 关中土区冬小麦–夏玉米体系磷肥减施增效技术研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 李海强,祁帅,李改民,于艳梅,柴泽宇,高明霞,杨学云,冯浩,孙本华.关中土区冬小麦–夏玉米体系磷肥减施增效技术研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2023,29(2):300-307. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李海强 祁帅 李改民 于艳梅 柴泽宇 高明霞 杨学云 冯浩 孙本华 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院 / 农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD1900700)；国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0200205)；高等学校学科创新引智计划(B12007)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】比较磷肥减施结合调控措施的效果，为合理施用磷肥，提高磷肥利用率，实现区域粮食作物高产高效和绿色发展提供支撑。【方法】冬小麦–夏玉米体系田间试验在陕西关中地区土上进行了3年。共设5个处理：不施磷肥(CK)，推荐施磷量撒施(RP)，减施15%推荐施磷量条施(85%RP)，以秸秆包裹磷肥条施(St85%RP),85%RP结合硫酸铵替代尿素(Am85%RP)。于作物收获期测定小麦和玉米产量、磷肥效率、土壤磷库和作物菌根侵染率。【结果】与CK相比，除85%RP处理小麦籽粒产量没有显著提高，其他施磷处理可显著提高玉米籽粒总产量(增幅17.1%～32.6%)、小麦籽粒总产量(增幅8.9%～12.8%)以及玉米小麦总产量(增幅13.1%～22.5%)。除85%RP处理2018年玉米籽粒和2020年小麦籽粒产量显著低于RP处理外，其余减磷处理均与RP处理没有显著差异。与RP处理相比，85%RP、St85%RP和Am85%RP处理均显著提高了磷素回收率、表观利用率和偏生产力；与85%RP处理相比，St85%RP处理显著提高了磷肥利用率，而Am85%RP处理则提高不显著。与CK相比，所有施磷处理均...
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| 关 键 词： | 小麦–玉米轮作 磷肥减施 优化调控 磷效率 菌根 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-05-30 |
Techniques to reduce P application rate and improve its efficiency in winter wheat-summer maize system on Eum-Orthic Anthrosols in Guanzhong area |
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| LI Hai-qiang,QI Shuai,LI Gai-min,YU Yan-mei,CHAI Ze-yu,GAO Ming-xia,YANG Xue-yun,FENG Hao,SUN Ben-hua.Techniques to reduce P application rate and improve its efficiency in winter wheat-summer maize system on Eum-Orthic Anthrosols in Guanzhong area[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2023,29(2):300-307. |
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| Authors: | LI Hai-qiang QI Shuai LI Gai-min YU Yan-mei CHAI Ze-yu GAO Ming-xia YANG Xue-yun FENG Hao SUN Ben-hua |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University / Key Laboratory of Green and Low Carbon Agriculture on Dryland in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 We studied the possibility of decreasing phosphorus (P) fertilizer application rate and improving its efficiency. 【Methods】 The treatments included no P application (CK), recommended P application rate (RP), 15% off RP (85%RP), straw-wrapped P fertilizer application at 85%RP (St85%RP), and 85%RP plus substituting urea with ammonium sulfate (Am85%RP). P fertilizer was broadcast in the RP treatment, and band application was adopted for the other treatments. The crop yield, P fertilizer efficiency, soil P pool, and crop mycorrhizal infection rate were investigated. 【Results】 Compared with CK, all the other treatments except 85%RP significantly increased maize (17.1%?32.6%) and wheat (8.9%?12.8%) grain yields (P<0.05) , and the total yield of maize and wheat (13.1%?22.5%). Compared with RP, P reduction treatments occasionally decreased crop yields, e.g. the maize yield in 2018 and the wheat yield in 2020 under 85%RP. 85%RP, St85%RP, and Am85%RP had (P<0.05) higher P recovery rate, apparent use efficiency, and partial factor productivity than RP. Further, St85%RP recorded significantly higher P efficiencies than 85%RP. Compared with CK, P application (P<0.05) increased the soil available phosphorus (AP) and the microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) contents. The soil AP and MBP under 85%RP were (P<0.05) lower than RP. St85%RP and Am85%RP did not decrease the soil AP. St85%RP (P<0.05) increased the MBP and the water-soluble phosphorus (WSP) contents. The apparent soil P balance under RP was slightly surplus and was closer to being balanced, while P reduction treatments recorded deficits. Compared with RP, St85%RP and Am85%RP improved the mycorrhizal infection rate of wheat roots. 【Conclusions】 In the winter wheat-summer maize cropping system in Guanzhong, a reduction of 15% phosphate input under the recommended P application rate causes a deficit in the apparent soil phosphorus balance, increasing the risk of yield reduction. Reducing 15% of P fertilizer with straw-wrapped P fertilizer or replacing urea with ammonium sulfate could improve available soil P, microbial biomass P, and the mycorrhizal infection rates of wheat roots, thus improving P absorption and utilization in wheat. In addition to improving P fertilizer utilization efficiency, yield reduction risk caused by P reduction was minimized, which improved crop yield. This indicates that the two treatments are highly efficient regulation techniques for improving P fertilizer efficiency. |
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