| 我国生鲜乳价格形成机制的剖析、问题及建议 |
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| 引用本文： | 周鑫宇,刘长全.我国生鲜乳价格形成机制的剖析、问题及建议[J].中国乳业,2023,0(3):33-37. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周鑫宇 刘长全 |
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| 作者单位： | 1 中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京 100193; 2 中国社会科学院农村发展研究所,北京 100732 |
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| 基金项目： | 财政部和农业农村部-现代农业产业技术体系资助（CARS-36） |
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| 摘 要： | 生鲜乳价格形成机制是奶业利益联结机制的核心问题。本文重点围绕购销双方关系,从生鲜乳购销合同形式、生鲜乳指标检测、生鲜乳计价体系、生鲜乳交易结算方法等方面对我国生鲜乳价格形成机制进行剖析。在此基础上探讨当前生鲜乳价格形成机制中面临的价格形成基本由乳品企业制定、奶牛养殖场（户）寻求公平交易的诉求无处表达、生鲜乳协商价格的约束力不强、生鲜乳交易的监督机制有待完善等问题。提出了建立公平、公正、公开的生鲜乳价格形成机制,建立有制度保障的生鲜乳价格协商机制,探索“生鲜乳购销合同”协商机制,建立公开、透明的生鲜乳计价体系,建立生鲜乳第三方检测制度等5个方面的对策建议。
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| 关 键 词： | 生鲜乳价格 利益联结机制 问题 建议 |
Analysis,Problems and Suggestions of the Formation Mechanism of Raw Milk Price in China |
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| ZHOU Xinyu,LIU Changquan.Analysis,Problems and Suggestions of the Formation Mechanism of Raw Milk Price in China[J].China Dairy,2023,0(3):33-37. |
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| Authors: | ZHOU Xinyu LIU Changquan |
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| Institution: | 1China Agricultural University College of Animal Science Technology, Beijing 100193; 2Rural Development Institute Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100732 |
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| Abstract: | The price formation mechanism of raw milk is the core issue of the interest linkage mechanism in the dairy industry. This paper focused on the relationship between buyers and sellers,and analyzed the formation mechanism of raw milk prices in China from aspects such as the form of raw milk purchase and sales contracts,raw milk indicator testing,raw milk pricing system,and raw milk transaction settlement methods. On this basis,these issues are discussed e.g. the current raw milk price formation mechanism is mainly formulated by dairy enterprises,the demands of dairy farms （households） to seek fair trade are nowhere to be expressed,the binding force of negotiated prices for raw milk needs to be improved,and the supervision mechanism for raw milk transactions needs to be improved.Five strategies and suggestions are proposed,such as establish a fair,just and open raw milk price formation mechanism,establish an institutionalized raw milk price negotiation mechanism,explore a raw milk purchase and sales contract negotiation mechanism,establish an open and transparent raw milk pricing system,and establish a third-party testing system for raw milk. |
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| Keywords: | raw milk price interest linkage mechanism problem suggestion |
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