| 控释肥和灌溉方式对栓皮栎容器苗苗木质量及造林效果的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙巧玉,刘勇.控释肥和灌溉方式对栓皮栎容器苗苗木质量及造林效果的影响[J].林业科学研究,2018,31(5):137-144. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙巧玉 刘勇 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京林业大学林学院省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室 |
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| 基金项目： | "948"计划资助项目"容器苗底部渗灌技术引进"（2012-4-66） |
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| 摘 要： | 目的]探讨控释肥和灌溉方式对栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis Bl.)容器苗生长、养分含量、基质电导率(EC)及2年造林效果的影响,为培育高质量苗木提供参考。方法]以栓皮栎容器苗为研究对象,采用双因素完全随机试验设计,设置5个施肥水平(以N元素含量为基准,5个施肥水平分别为:25、75、125、175、225 mg·株~(-1))和2种灌溉方式(上方喷灌(O)、底部渗灌(S)),测定栓皮栎容器苗形态指标、养分含量、根系生长、基质EC值及连续2年造林效果。结果]表明:(1)施肥量和灌溉方式二者对苗木形态指标影响存在交互效应,225-O处理的苗木地径、根生物量、单株生物量最大,但根生物量、单株生物量在225-O、125-S、175-O处理之间差异不显著。225-S处理的苗高、茎生物量、茎根比最大,茎生物量在225-S与225-O之间差异不显著。(2)苗木茎、根的氮磷钾浓度和含量随施肥量的增加而增大,施肥量125、175、225 mg·株~(-1)处理之间的根氮、磷含量及单株磷含量差异不显著。(3)增加施肥量促进苗木根系的生长,施肥量为125、175、225 mg·株~(-1)处理之间的根系表面积、体积差异不显著。(4)基质EC值随施肥量的增加而增大,底部渗灌显著提高了基质上层、下层的EC值,基质上层、下层的最大EC值分别为4. 69、0. 56d S·m-1,没有对苗木生长产生不利影响。(5)和上方喷灌相比,底部渗灌显著地促进造林第1年幼树的树高、地径生长;造林第1年、第2年的树高和地径均随施肥量的增加而增大,造林第2年,施肥量125、175、225 mg·株~(-1)处理之间的树高、地径差异不显著。结论]底部渗灌提高了栓皮栎容器苗体内的养分含量,促进了造林第1年幼树树高、地径的生长。施加控释肥有利于苗期苗木质量的提高及造林后苗木的快速生长。综合考虑苗木质量、经济效益、环境利益,培育栓皮栎容器苗可选择底部渗灌和控释肥量为125 mg·株~(-1)的组合(以N元素含量为基准)。
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| 关 键 词： | 控释肥 底部渗灌 栓皮栎容器苗 苗木质量 造林效果 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/8/24 0:00:00 |
Effect of Controlled-release Fertilizer and Irrigation Method on Seedling Quality and Outplanting Performance of Quercus variabilis |
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| SUN Qiao-yu and LIU Yong.Effect of Controlled-release Fertilizer and Irrigation Method on Seedling Quality and Outplanting Performance of Quercus variabilis[J].Forest Research,2018,31(5):137-144. |
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| Authors: | SUN Qiao-yu and LIU Yong |
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| Institution: | Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education;Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China and Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education;Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective] To investigate the effects of fertilizer rate and irrigation method on morphological attributes, nutrient status, medium electrical conductivity (EC) and 2-years'' outplanting performance of containerized Quercus variabilis seedlings.Method] Seedlings were raised with 5 fertilizer rates (25, 75, 125, 175, and 225 mg·plant-1) and 2 irrigation methods (overhead irrigation (O) and subirrigation (S)). The experiment was a two-factor completely randomize design. Morphological attributes, nutrient status, root growth, medium EC, and 2-years'' outplanting performance were measured.Result] Interaction of fertilizer rate and irrigation method significantly affected seedling growth. The root-collar diameter, root and total biomass of seedling reached maximum value with 225-O treatment. There was no significant difference on root and total plant biomass among 225-O, 125-S, and 175-O. The height, stem biomass, and S/R ratio of seedling reached maximum value with 225-S treatment. There was no significant difference on stem biomass among 225-S and 225-O. The nutrient concentration and content were improved with increasing fertilizer rate. There was no significant difference on root N, P content and total P content among 125, 175, and 225 mg·plant-1. Increasing fertilizer rate promoted root growth. There was no significant difference on root surface area and volume among 125, 175, and 225 mg·plant-1. Fertilization resulted in high medium EC. Subirrigation significantly increased medium EC in upper and bottom layer. The highest medium EC reached 4.69 dS·m-1 but did not have harmful effect on seedlings. Subirrigation improved the height and root-collar diameter of seedlings 1 year after outplanting. 2 years after outplanting, the height and root-collar diameter of seedlings grew greatly with increasing fertilizer rate, but there was no significant difference on height and root-collar diameter of seedlings among 125, 175, and 225 mg·plant-1.Conclusion] Subirrigation improves nutrient content and 1-year''s outplanting performance. Controlled-release fertilizer increased seedlings quality, and 2-years'' outplanting performance. Considering seedling quality, economic benefits and environmental value, fertilizer rate of 125 mg·plant-1 and subirrigation was the optimum combination for container seedling production of this species. |
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| Keywords: | controlled-release fertilizer subirrigation Quercus variabilis container seedling seedlings quality outplanting performance |
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