| 木薯块根的生物特性和种植环境对机械收获的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨之曦.木薯块根的生物特性和种植环境对机械收获的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(33). |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨之曦 |
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| 作者单位： | 广州市番禺区大石街农业技术服务中心,广东广州,511430 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的]研究木薯块根的生物特性和种植环境,为开发轻简型、实用的木薯收获机提供基础数据,以解决丘陵地区木薯收获的技术难题。方法]调研丘陵山地的木薯收获问题,测量木薯块根的最大入土深度、块根分布面积最大直径、块根长度、块根最大直径、单块薯质量、单株薯总质量、单株块根数量、丘陵山地道路和小田块的坡度。结果]块根最大入土深度的平均值为200.0 mm,最大值为273.0 mm,块根分布面积最大直径的平均值为601.2 mm,最大值为812.0 mm,丘陵山地道路的坡度平均值为10.0°,小田块的坡度平均值为3.8°。根据木薯块根的生物特性提出人工动力轻简型拔起式木薯收获机的工作宽度、工作长度可设计为560.0~820.0 mm,拔起行程可设计为300.0~600.0 mm。田间试验结果表明,在丘陵山地小田块上使用的人工动力轻简型拔起式木薯收获机,重量小于25 kg的行走性能较好,重量大于25 kg的行走、移动操作比较困难。根据木薯块根的生物特性数据减小木薯收获机的工作宽度、工作长度,就能减小木薯收获机的总体尺寸,从而减轻重量,能够适应丘陵山地的行走和木薯收获。结论]在不影响产量的前提下,把木薯种在垄中间,则大大有利于木薯收获机快速移动到木薯旁边,提高收获生产率。木薯收获机的重量和尺寸是影响丘陵山地木薯收获的重要因素。
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| 关 键 词： | 木薯 生物特性 种植方式 木薯收获机重量 丘陵山地 |
Effects of Biological Characteristics and Planting Environment of Cassava Root Tubers on Mechanized Harvesting |
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| YANG Zhi-xi.Effects of Biological Characteristics and Planting Environment of Cassava Root Tubers on Mechanized Harvesting[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(33). |
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| Authors: | YANG Zhi-xi |
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| Abstract: | Objective]To study the biological characteristics and planting environment of cassava root tubers, and provide basic data for de-veloping light-weight simply-equipped and practical cassava harvester so as to solve the technical problems about cassava harvesting in hilly ar-eas. Method] Investigate into the problems about cassava harvesting in hilly areas, measure the maximum in-soil depth of cassava root tubers, the maximum diameter of root-tuber distribution area, root tuber length, root tuber diameter, mass of a single piece of cassava, total mass of a single plant of cassava, number of root tubers of a single plant, and the slope of hilly-area roads and small field parcels. Result] The mean value of the maximum in-soil depth of the root tuber is 200.0 mm and the maximum value is 273.0 mm;the average diameter of root tuber dis-tribution area is 601.2 mm and the maximum value is 812 .0 mm;the average value of slope of the hilly-area roads is 10.0°and the average slope of the small field parcel is 3.8°.According to the biological characteristic data of cassava root tubers, propose that the working width and working length of the manually-powered light-weight simply-equipped pull-up type cassava harvester can be designed to be 560.0~820.0 mm, and the pull-up stroke can be designed to be 300.0~600.0 mm.The results of field experiments show that the manually-powered light-weight simply-equipped pull-up type cassava harvesters weighing below 25 kg used on small field parcels in hilly area may walk better, while those weighing over 25 kg may walk and move poorly.According to the bio-characteristic data of cassava root tubers, the working width, working length and overall size of cassava harvester can be reduced, so that the weight can be reduced, and their walking and cassava harvesting per-formances can be adapted to the hilly areas. Conclusion] If the cassava species are planted in the middle of the rows without affecting the yield, the cassava harvester can be quickly moved to the side of the cassava so as to improve the yield productivity.The weight and size of a cassava harvester are the important factors that affect the harvesting of cassava in hilly areas. |
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| Keywords: | Cassava Biological characteristics Planting pattern Weight of cassava harvester Hilly area |
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