| 巴西蔗糖产业特点及对我国蔗糖业的借鉴 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐超华,邓玉龙,刘新龙,吴才文,应雄美.巴西蔗糖产业特点及对我国蔗糖业的借鉴[J].中国糖料,2020(2):70-74. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐超华 邓玉龙 刘新龙 吴才文 应雄美 |
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| 作者单位： | 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所/云南省甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室;云南省土壤肥料工作站 |
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| 基金项目： | 云南省科技厅重大科技专项(2019ZG012)资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 通过对巴西蔗糖产业种植、管理、贸易、政策、加工等方面的详细分析可知,巴西是世界上最大的甘蔗生产国和出口国,拥有先进的技术水平和管理经验,其制糖成本低、国际竞争力强。其甘蔗病虫害防控实行:⑴重点培育和推广抗病虫甘蔗良种;⑵通过种苗检疫、脱毒和健康种苗繁育技术严防病虫害的发生与传播;⑶建立病虫害监测预警和防控系统;⑷生物防控技术和化学药剂相结合。其糖厂已实行全网络自动化控制系统,蔗糖生产采用两步法生产精制糖。其蔗糖产业发展特点:重视氮高效品种的选育、甘蔗生产全程机械化率高、采用酒精发酵液定量还田技术、燃料乙醇工业发达、多种糖料蔗供应渠道、加工技术先进生产效率高、甘蔗运输成本较高等特点。我们可从中得到的借鉴为:重视强宿根蔗的选种计划、加速推进甘蔗生产全程机械化进程、建立完善的甘蔗病虫害防控系统、加强蔗糖高值化及副产物综合利用。
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| 关 键 词： | 食糖 甘蔗 巴西 蔗糖产业 机械化 |
Characteristics of Sugar Industry in Brazil and Its Reference for China |
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| Xu Chaohua,Deng Yulong,Liu Xinlong,Wu Caiwen,Ying Xiongmei.Characteristics of Sugar Industry in Brazil and Its Reference for China[J].Sugar Crops of China,2020(2):70-74. |
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| Authors: | Xu Chaohua Deng Yulong Liu Xinlong Wu Caiwen Ying Xiongmei |
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| Institution: | (Institute of Sugarcane Research,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement,Kaiyuan,Yunnan 661699;Soil and Fertilizer Station of Yunnan,Kunming 650034) |
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| Abstract: | Through the detailed analysis of the planting, management, trade, policy and processing of Brazilian sugar industry, it can be seen that Brazil is the largest sugar cane producer and exporter in the world, with advanced technical level and management experience, and its sugar production cost is lower and its international competitiveness is stronger. The prevention and control of sugarcane pests and diseases in Brazil were carried out as follows:(1) to cultivate and popularize elite varieties that are resistant to diseases and pests;(2) to strictly prevent the occurrence and spread of diseases and insect pests through cane setts quarantine, techniques for producing virus-free and healthy cane setts;(3) to establish a monitoring and early warning and control system for diseases and insect pests;and(4) to combine biological prevention and control techniques with chemical agents.Its sugar factory has implemented a full network automatic control system, and use two sugar methods to produce refined sugar. The characteristics of sugar industry in Brazil as follows: attach importance to the breeding of nitrogen-efficient varieties, high mechanization rate in the whole process of sugar cane production, adopt alcohol fermentation broth quantitative return technology, fuel ethanol industry developed, a variety of sugar cane supply channels, advanced processing technology and high production efficiency, high sugar cane transportation cost and so on. The references for us were to attach importance to the ratoon selection program of sugarcane, accelerate the mechanization in sugarcane production, establish a perfect control system of sugar cane diseases and insect pests,and strengthen the high value of sucrose and the comprehensive utilization of by-products. |
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| Keywords: | sugar sugarcane Brazil cane sugar industry mechanization |
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