| 油菜基质块苗移栽机对辊式取苗装置设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 胡乔磊,王磊,李心志,袁华,袁佳诚,廖庆喜.油菜基质块苗移栽机对辊式取苗装置设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2022,38(9):12-23. |
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| 作者姓名： | 胡乔磊 王磊 李心志 袁华 袁佳诚 廖庆喜 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.华中农业大学工学院，武汉 430070；2.农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室，武汉 430070 |
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| 基金项目： | 财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-12） |
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| 摘 要： | 针对油菜基质苗移栽机栽植频率低和落苗稳定性差的问题，该研究对对辊式油菜基质块苗取苗装置进行分取苗联动结构改进与性能试验。结合基质块苗移栽机作业特点及栽植农艺要求，开展了取苗栽植过程稳定性分析，确定了取苗装置稳定运行的结构及工作参数。以适栽期油菜载苗基质块为对象，进行了单因素台架试验，并开展了载苗台角度、辊轮底端直径、辊轮转速对取苗成功率和取苗同步率影响的三因素三水平二次正交组合试验。结果表明：载苗台角度为30.7°、辊轮底端直径为26.4 mm、辊轮转速为2.2 r/s时取苗效果较优，台架试验的取苗成功率为94.62%、取苗同步率为95.35%；田间试验的取苗成功率为89.84%、同步率为92.01%，满足油菜基质块苗移栽机作业性能要求。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业机械 设计 油菜 移栽机 取苗装置 基质块苗 对辊式 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/12/24 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/3/20 0:00:00 |
Design and experiment of the counter roll seedling taking equipment for rapeseed substrate block seedlings transplanter |
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| Hu Qiaolei,Wang Lei,Li Xinzhi,Yuan Hu,Yuan Jiacheng,Liao Qingxi.Design and experiment of the counter roll seedling taking equipment for rapeseed substrate block seedlings transplanter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2022,38(9):12-23. |
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| Authors: | Hu Qiaolei Wang Lei Li Xinzhi Yuan Hu Yuan Jiacheng Liao Qingxi |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 2.Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China |
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| Abstract: | High planting frequency and seedling falling stability can be preferred during operations in a seedling-taking device of rape matrix seedling transplanter in recent years. In this study, a counter-roll seedling taking device was proposed for the rape matrix block seedling transplanter. A performance test was also carried out to optimize the structure and working parameters for the stable operation of the roller seedling taking device. A stability analysis was then performed on the seedling taking and planting process, in order to combine with the operating characteristics of matrix block seedling transplanter, according to the requirements of planting agronomy. A single-factor bench test was conducted using the self-developed rape matrix block seedling transplanter, where the rape seedling carrier matrix block was taken as the operation object in the suitable planting period. Subsequently, a systematic investigation was made to clarify the influence of structural parameters on the success and synchronization rate of seedling collection. Specifically, the optimal ranges were achieved, where the seedling carrier angle, the diameter at the bottom end of the roller, and the rotation speed of the roller were determined as 30.0°-34.0°, 25.5-29.5 mm, and 1.8-3.6 r/s, respectively. A three-factor and three-level quadratic orthogonal test was carried out to verify the structural parameters after optimization. The results showed that the performance of seedling collection was the best when the angle of the seedling carrier was 30.7°, the diameter of the roller bottom was 26.4 mm, and the roller speed was 2.2 r/s. Furthermore, the success and synchronization rates of the seedling collection were 94.10%, and 95.14%, respectively, in the bench test. In addition, a high-speed camera was used to extract the trajectory of seedling picking in the rape seedling carrying matrix block at the planting stage, in order to determine the influence of roller diameter on the seedling picking trajectory. Consequently, the average change in the bottom angle of the seedling carrying matrix block during the actual seedling picking was 14.18° under the optimal combination of seedling picking parameters. There was an average angle error of 3.42°, compared with the theoretical value of 17.6°. The variation was attributed to the overall size of the seedling carrier matrix block, and the working vibration of machines and tools in the actual seedling picking. There was also a slight deviation between the bottom angle of the seedling carrier matrix block before and after seedling picking in the theoretical analysis. A field experiment was carried out under a better combination of working parameters, in order to verify the operation performance of the whole machine. It was found that the success and synchronization rate of seedling taking were 89.84%, and 92.01%, respectively, which fully met the performance requirements of the seedling taking device of rape matrix block seedling transplanter. The improved structure can also be optimized in the transplanter seedbed finishing device for better matching with seedling taking device in the follow-up. The finding can provide a strong reference to designing the seedling taking device in a rape matrix block seedling transplanter. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural machinery design rapeseed transplanter seedling taking device substrate block seedlings counter roll type |
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