| 长江三峡花岗岩地区优先流对渗流和地表径流的作用 |
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| 引用本文： | 程金花,张洪江,史玉虎,程云.长江三峡花岗岩地区优先流对渗流和地表径流的作用[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(2):18-23,42. |
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| 作者姓名： | 程金花 张洪江 史玉虎 程云 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 北京林业大学,水土保持学院,北京,100083
2. 湖北省林业科学研究院,湖北,武汉,430075 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金;国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划);瑞典国际科学基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 为研究长江三峡花岗岩地区优先流对渗流和地表径流的影响,以长江三峡地区曲溪小流域作为试验用地,选择适当的土壤剖面作为观测剖面。采用自记流量计测量了优先流、渗流和降雨过程。在小流域出口处设置90°薄壁三角堰和水位计记录了地表径流过程,分析了优先流和渗流、地表径流之间的关系。结果表明,在同等降雨条件下,优先流晚于渗流出现,早于渗流停止。优先流流量在剖面渗流总量中的比例可达2.40%～48.72%。优先流水分通量最大可达剖面渗流水分通量的17200倍,会在很大程度上增加土壤水分运动通量。在同场降雨中,优先流的介入使得渗流流量峰值出现时间提前。优先流的出现导致地表径流峰值出现时间延迟,洪水历时过程延长。前期影响雨量及产流次雨量较小时,优先流与地表径流之间相互影响较大。
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| 关 键 词： | 长江三峡 优先流 渗流 地表径流 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-288X（2007）02-0018-06 |
| 收稿时间： | 2006/7/20 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2006-07-202006-11-02 |
Effects of Preferential Flow on Infiltrated Flow and Surface Runoff in the Granite Area of the Three Gorges |
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| Cheng Jinhu,Zhang Hongjiang,Shi Yuhu and Cheng Yun.Effects of Preferential Flow on Infiltrated Flow and Surface Runoff in the Granite Area of the Three Gorges[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,27(2):18-23,42. |
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| Authors: | Cheng Jinhu Zhang Hongjiang Shi Yuhu and Cheng Yun |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China ; 2. Forestry Science Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, China |
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| Abstract: | To study the effects of preferential flow on infiltrated flow and surface runoff in the granite area of the Three Gorges, Yangtze River, China, a soil profile that is not seriously disturbed by human activities was selected in the Quxi watershed of the area as a field experimental site. Preferential flow, infiltrated flow and rainfall were measured by an automatic flowmeter. Surface runoff was measured by an automatic gauge and a thin triangle weir vertically installed at the outlet of the watershed. The relationships among preferential flow, infiltrated flow and surface runoff were analyzed. Results showed that during the same rainfall, preferential flow appeared later and stopped earlier than infiltrated flow. The percentage of preferential flow flux over the total infiltrated water can reach 2.40 % - 48.72 %. The maximal preferential flow flux can reach 17 200 times of that of infiltrated flow, which could increase soil water flux to a great extent. In the same rainfall, the intervention of preferential flow advanced the appearance of peak infiltrated flow, postponed the appearance of peak surface runoff and prolonged the duration of surface runoff. When the amounts of current rainfall and antecedent influenced rainfall are smaller, preferential flow and surface runoff influenced each other more greatly. |
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| Keywords: | Three Gorges of Yangtze River preferential flow infiltrated flow surface runoff |
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