Orf virus immuno-modulation and the host immune response |
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| Authors: | Haig David M Thomson Jackie McInnes Colin McCaughan Catherine Imlach Wendy Mercer Andrew Fleming Stephen |
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| Institution: | Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK. haigd@mri.sari.ac.uk |
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| Abstract: | Orf virus encodes a range of immuno-modulatory genes that interfere with host anti-virus immune and inflammatory effector mechanisms. The function of these reflects the pathogenesis of orf. The orf virus interferon resistance protein (OVIFNR) and virus IL-10 (vIL-10) inhibit interferon production and activity. In addition the vIL-10 suppresses inflammatory cytokine production by activated macrophages and keratinocytes. The virus GM-CSF inhibitory factor (GIF) is a novel virus protein that binds to and inhibits the biological activity of GM-CSF and IL-2. Together, these immuno-modulators target key effector mechanisms of host anti-virus immunity to allow time for virus replication in epidermal cells. |
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