| 不同有机物料对灌漠土重金属累积特征及作物效应的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 宋姿蓉,俄胜哲,袁金华,贾武霞,曾希柏,苏世鸣,白玲玉.不同有机物料对灌漠土重金属累积特征及作物效应的影响[J].中国农业科学,2019,52(19):3367-3379. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宋姿蓉 俄胜哲 袁金华 贾武霞 曾希柏 苏世鸣 白玲玉 |
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| 作者单位： | 1 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业农村部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室,北京 1000812 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,兰州 730070 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0801103);国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD05B03) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 探讨长期施用有机物料对灌漠土中重金属含量、形态赋存特征及作物重金属含量的影响,为有机物料农业安全利用及土壤有机培肥中重金属累积控制提供理论依据和技术支持。【方法】 利用田间长期定位试验,研究鸡粪、牛粪、猪粪、菌渣、污泥和沼渣对灌漠土几种典型重金属元素含量、赋存形态及小麦植株中重金属含量的影响。【结果】 长期（7年）施用鸡粪、猪粪、污泥的处理显著增加了灌漠土中Cu、Zn含量,增加量为猪粪＞鸡粪＞污泥,其中Cu含量分别增加了62.20%、20.10%和10.26%,Zn含量分别增加了79.98%、39.24%和18.31%,并与施用年限呈显著正相关关系。3种有机物料施用下Cu平均每年累积速率为4.16、1.25和0.97 mg·kg -1·a -1,Zn平均每年累积速率为11.04、4.86和2.59 mg·kg -1·a -1。但施用上述3种有机物料对Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni含量没有显著影响。施用牛粪、菌渣和沼渣对灌漠土中重金属含量亦无显著影响。施用鸡粪、猪粪、污泥还显著影响了土壤中Cu、Zn赋存形态,增加了土壤中Cu、Zn各有效赋存形态的含量和占总量的比例,显著提高了灌漠土中Cu、Zn有效态的含量,显著增加了小麦根和秸秆中Cu、Zn的含量,其中猪粪影响最大。【结论】 猪粪、鸡粪、污泥长期施用可导致灌漠土中Cu、Zn快速累积并提高Cu、Zn的生物有效性,其中猪粪的作用尤为明显。在施用有机物料培肥土壤时,要特别关注其中Cu、Zn的含量,以确保土壤健康和可持续利用。
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| 关 键 词： | 重金属 累积 赋存形态 有机物料 灌漠土 小麦 长期定位试验 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-03-28 |
Heavy Metal Accumulation in Irrigated Desert Soils and Their Crop Effect After Applying Different Organic Materials |
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| SONG ZiRong,E ShengZhe,YUAN JinHua,JIA WuXia,ZENG XiBai,SU ShiMing,BAI LingYu.Heavy Metal Accumulation in Irrigated Desert Soils and Their Crop Effect After Applying Different Organic Materials[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2019,52(19):3367-3379. |
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| Authors: | SONG ZiRong E ShengZhe YUAN JinHua JIA WuXia ZENG XiBai SU ShiMing BAI LingYu |
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| Institution: | 1 Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 1000812 Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-Saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070 |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 This study aimed to explore the long-term effects of organic materials application on heavy metal content, fractionation, crop uptake in irrigated desert soil, and in further to provide a theoretical basis and technical support to control soil heavy metals accumulation during fertilization with organic materials. 【Method】 A long-term (7 years) positioning experiment was conducted by applied with 6 types of organic materials, including chicken manure, cattle manure, pig manure, sludge, biogas residue and mushroom residue, in irrigated desert soil. Subsequently, soil heavy metal content, fractionation and crop uptake were analyzed. 【Result】 Application with chicken manure, pig manure or sludge significantly increased the soil Cu and Zn content, which was in the order of pig manure treatment＞chicken manure treatment＞sludge treatment. No significant effect on soil heavy metals was observed for the other organic materials. After application with pig manure, chicken manure and sludge, soil Cu content increased by 62.20%, 20.10% and 10.26%, respectively, while soil Zn increased by 79.98%, 39.24% and 18.31%, respectively, showing an increasing trend with application year; the average annual cumulative rates of Cu were 4.16, 1.25 and 0.97 mg·kg -1·a -1, while which for Zn were 11.04, 4.86 and 2.59 mg·kg -1·a -1, respectively; No significant effect on soil Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni was observed. The application of cattle manure, mushroom residue and biogas residue had no significant effect on the total content of Cu and Zn in soil. Application with Pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure and sludge significantly affected the forms of Cu and Zn in soil, and significantly increased the proportion of the effective forms and total content of Cu and Zn in soil. 【Conclusion】 Long-term application of pig manure, chicken manure and sludge could lead to the rapid accumulation of Cu and Zn and the increase in Cu and Zn bioavailability in irrigated desert soil, especially for pig manure. In the future, more concern is needed for the heavy metals in organic fertilizers during soil fertility improvement, so as to reduce heavy metal accumulation in soil and sustaining the soil healthy and agricultural use. |
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| Keywords: | heavy metal accumulation fractionation organic materials irrigated desert soils wheat long-term positioning experiment |
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