| 中国小麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙洪仁,张吉萍,冮丽华,吕玉才,王应海.中国小麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究[J].中国农学通报,2019,35(21):30-37. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙洪仁 张吉萍 冮丽华 吕玉才 王应海 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国农业大学动物科技学院草业科学系;2.凯风新农(北京）科技有限公司;3.北京薯网农业科学研究院;4.北京东方润泽生态科技股份有限公司 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目“现代牧草产业技术体系建设”(CARS-35)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 本文系统总结了我国开展的小麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究。结果表明,30年来我国小麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标明显提高；小麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标不同区域之间差异很大,以缺磷处理相对产量90%指标为例,土壤Olsen-P含量低者<15 mg/kg,高者>35 mg/kg；除黄淮海平原、关中灌区和河套灌区外,我国小麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标研究存在很多空白区域；小麦土壤缺磷较为普遍,第2～4级为土壤有效磷集中分布的丰缺级别,缺磷处理相对产量大多处在70%～100%；土壤养分丰缺指标研究的试验点数不宜过少,丰缺指标高端和低端采用外推数据需谨慎,并应予以注明；适宜施磷量与土壤有效磷丰缺级别线性负相关,与小麦目标产量线性正相关,与磷肥当季利用率线性负相关；当磷肥当季利用率20%、目标产量3～12 t/hm2时,土壤有效磷丰缺级别第1～7级的水稻适宜施磷量范围依次为0～0、17～66、33～132、50～198、66～264、83～330和99～396 kg/hm2。
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| 关 键 词： | 硅藻土 硅藻土 改性海泡石 吸附作用 缓释作用 肥料利用率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-02-26 |
The Abundance-deficiency Indices of Soil Available P and Appropriate Phosphorus Application Rates for Wheat in China |
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| Abstract: | In this paper,researches on abundance-deficiency index(ADI) of soil available P for wheat (SAPFW) and appropriate phosphorus fertilizer application rate(APFAR) conducted in China were systematically summarized. The results showed that the ADI of SAPFW in China had improved obviously in 30 years. There were considerable differences in their ADI of SAPFW in different regions,and the ADI of soil Olsen-P for wheat for 90% relative yield(RY) of the complete nutrients treatment except phosphorus (TCNTEP) changed from <15 to > 35 mg/kg. Except the Huang-huai-hai plain, the Guanzhong irrigation area and the Hetao irrigation area, researches on ADI of SAPFW in China had many blank regions. Soil phosphorus deficiency for wheat in China were common,and the abundance-deficiency levels of SAPFW focused on level 2～4,and most RYs of TCNTEP were between 70%～100%. For research on ADI of soil nutrient,the number of trial sites should not be too little,and using extrapolating data for the high-end and low-end of ADI should be careful and indicated. APFAR and the abundance-deficiency level of SAPFW were linear negative correlation. APFAR and the yield goal of wheat were linear positive correlation. APFAR and the phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency in current season (PFUEICS) were linear negative correlation. When the PFUEICS was 20% and the target yield was 3～12 t/hm2,the APFAR for the SAPFW abundance-deficiency level 1-7 from high to low were 0～0,17～66,33～132,50～198,66～264,83～330 and 99～396 kg/hm2,respectively. |
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