| 营养导向型的中国食物安全新愿景及政策建议 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈志钢,毕洁颖,聂凤英,方向明,樊胜根.营养导向型的中国食物安全新愿景及政策建议[J].中国农业科学,2019,52(18):3097-3107. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈志钢 毕洁颖 聂凤英 方向明 樊胜根 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 浙江大学中国农村发展研究院,杭州 3100582. 国际食物政策研究所,北京 1000813. 中国农业科学院农业信息研究所,北京 1000814. 中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京 100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(71861147003);农业农村部农业法制建设与政策调研项目“全面开放背景下粮食安全战略研究”、清华大学“新常态下中国粮食安全和营养的新战略研究”项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 经过40年显著的经济增长和发展,中国当前的目标是保持经济中高速增长,在提高可持续性和公平的基础上,更好地连接经济与市场,让市场决定最优的生产水平,农业在这一过程中将发挥重要作用。在健康中国2030、国民营养计划（2017—2030）以及乡村振兴战略等中长期战略推动下,政府及学术界对营养问题的关注持续提升,农业与营养的联系逐步增强,但“农业-食物安全-营养”的有机融合与衔接还尚未形成。在中国经济转型过程中,农业和食品行业将发挥至关重要的作用,由中国食物安全战略决定的国民食物营养与健康状况不仅影响中国的国民身体素质,还将在一定程度上影响中国能否顺利转变发展方式、能否成功跨越“中等收入陷阱”。因此,新的发展阶段,中国需要新的食物安全战略提升国民营养水平,并采取系列政策措施加强农业与食物安全和营养的联系。论文基于国际经验的食物安全战略发展思路,梳理中国食物安全面临的新旧挑战,提出食物安全新愿景以及相应政策建议,为营养导向型农业发展的顶层设计提供决策支持。中国食物安全面临的挑战诸多,与食物安全与营养高度相关的挑战主要表现为：耕地资源不足与退化、水资源紧缺与污染、气候变化与极端天气影响等自然资源和环境压力,农业生产补贴提高带来的财政支出压力,膳食能量摄入不足、微量元素缺乏以及膳食能量和营养摄入过剩的营养不良“三重负担”,食品安全问题以及食物损失与浪费问题。因此中国在经济从注重数量增长转向侧重质量增长的深化过程中,将更加重视结构调整和制度及技术创新,这意味着农业需要生产高价值、营养和安全的食物,更高效地使用水、土地和能源,保护环境和促进平等,因而需要中国食物安全战略顶层设计上的系列转变。据此,本文提出了营养导向型的中国食物安全的新愿景,即将营养指标作为中国食物安全战略的发展目标,到2025年消除饥饿和营养不足,并有效降低食品安全风险和超重率以及肥胖率。为此需要以关键领域的重大改革为基础,改进营养治理、通过市场信号传递营养导向、推动营养目标的农业生产、建立更安全的食品价值链、以政策创新促进可持续的营养饮食、加强营养教育并开展循证发展支持营养导向的食物安全新战略的实施。
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| 关 键 词： | 营养导向 食物安全 三重负担 营养立法 食品价值链 营养教育 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-02-02 |
New Vision and Policy Recommendations for Nutrition-Oriented Food Security in China |
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| CHEN Kevin,BI JieYing,NIE FengYing,FANG XiangMing,FAN ShengGen.New Vision and Policy Recommendations for Nutrition-Oriented Food Security in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2019,52(18):3097-3107. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Kevin BI JieYing NIE FengYing FANG XiangMing FAN ShengGen |
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| Institution: | 1. China Academy for Rural Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 3100582. International Food Policy Research Institute, Beijing 1000813. Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 1000814. College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083 |
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| Abstract: | After four-decade significant economic growth and development, China sets a series of goals aiming at sustainable medium to high speed economic growth,reasonable equity, and better market oriented economy. In this pursue, agriculture will take a crucial role. Under the Health China 2030, National Nutrition Plan (2017-2030) and Rural Vitalization Strategy, more attention has been paid on nutrition both in policy and research field, meanwhile the linkage between agriculture and nutrition is enhancing, but the integration of Agriculture-Food Security-Nutrition system is not yet completed. During the economic transformation, agriculture and food industry will play a key role, especially when considering the nutrition and health status will impact the national physical fitness and therefore influence the economic transformation approach. It may also impact whether China can move out of the Middle Income Trap to some extent. In the new development era, China needs a new food security development strategy to improve the national nutrition status and sets of policies to strengthen the integration of agriculture and nutrition. This paper reviewed the major challenges about China’s food security and put forward a new vision based on international experiences, which aimed at providing recommendations for designing China’s food security strategy. The key food security challenges include natural and environmental pressure, such as insufficiency and degradation of land resources, shortage and pollution of water resources, climate change and extreme disaster, fiscal pressure caused by increasing agriculture subsidy, Triple Burden of malnutrition, food safety issues and food loss and waste. It requires institutional and technical innovations for the transformation of agriculture development which means that more value added, nutritious and healthy food should be produced, the productivity and efficiency of water, land and energy should be improved, and environmentally friendly social inclusive development should be considered. All of those call for a transformation of China’s food security strategy. This paper put forwards a new vision for China’s food security: China should set nutrition-oriented food security strategy with nutrition indicators as key targeted goals, aim to eliminate hunger and undernutrition by 2025 while effectively reducing overweight/ obesity and food safety risks. Therefore policy innovations are recommended including: Improve nutrition governance, Market motivated and nutrition oriented agriculture support system, Promote Nutrition-based Food Production, Establish efficient, safe, and inclusive food value chains, Policy innovation for sustainable nutritious diet and nutrition education, and Evidence based research to support policy making. |
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| Keywords: | nutrition orientation food security triple burden nutrition legislation food value chain nutrition education |
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