| 不同菌糠废料、鸡粪配比对堆肥质量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王楠,张溪,刘镔娴,徐俊平,包岩,王月玫,杨萍,王帅.不同菌糠废料、鸡粪配比对堆肥质量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(4). |
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| 作者姓名： | 王楠 张溪 刘镔娴 徐俊平 包岩 王月玫 杨萍 王帅 |
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| 作者单位： | 吉林农业科技学院植物科学学院,吉林吉林,132101 |
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| 基金项目： | 吉林省科技厅优秀青年人才基金项目，吉林省教育厅大学生科技创新科研项目，吉林省教育厅“十三五”科学技术研究项目，吉林农业科技学院重点学科培育项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 为探索平菇、木耳及香菇3种菌糠废料的科学堆制方式,筛选适宜的堆肥配方,将平菇(Ⅰ)、木耳(Ⅱ)、香菇(Ⅲ)菌糠废料与鸡粪分别按照9∶1(1)、7∶3(2)、5∶5(3)、3∶7(4)的质量比混合,分析不同配比处理堆料的C/N,总养分含量,胡富比(胡敏酸碳含量与富里酸碳含量之比),胡敏酸碱溶液在465、665 nm处光密度的比值(E4/E6)及其对玉米种子发芽指数的影响,确定3种菌糠废料与鸡粪间的适宜配比,为菌糠变废为宝、资源化利用提供科学依据。结果表明,平菇、木耳及香菇菌糠与鸡粪的所有配比处理均可有效促进堆料C/N降低,除了Ⅲ-2处理外,其余处理均可将C/N有效降至20以内。Ⅰ-4、Ⅱ-3、Ⅱ-4、Ⅲ-3、Ⅲ-4处理堆料总养分含量均可达到≥5%的标准,分别为5.4%、5.0%、5.7%、5.4%、6.1%。与堆腐10 d的堆料相比,堆腐90 d时,Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2、Ⅱ-4、Ⅲ-1、Ⅲ-2、Ⅲ-3处理均能有效促使富里酸碳向胡敏酸碳转化,最终使胡富比增加,增加幅度分别为53.8%、50.0%、23.0%、41.0%、44.8%、5.3%,Ⅱ-3处理堆料胡富比没有增加,而Ⅰ-3、Ⅰ-4、Ⅱ-1、Ⅱ-2、Ⅲ-4处理胡富比大幅降低;Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2、Ⅰ-3、Ⅱ-1、Ⅱ-2、Ⅱ-3、Ⅲ-1、Ⅲ-2、Ⅲ-3处理胡敏酸E4/E6值均有所降低,降低幅度分别为37.0%、29.8%、4.5%、19.1%、7.7%、14.3%、18.1%、19.0%、11.1%,Ⅰ-4、Ⅲ-4处理E4/E6稍微增加,而Ⅱ-4处理无明显变化。历经90 d堆腐,Ⅲ-4处理无法使堆料脱毒,会对玉米种子产生毒害,影响其萌发,其他处理均可通过堆腐有效降低堆料的生理毒性,促进玉米种子萌发。综上,香菇菌糠与鸡粪间等比例堆腐效果最佳;木耳菌糠与鸡粪间复混,无论何种配比均无法通过供试指标考核;将平菇菌糠与鸡粪按照9∶1或7∶3的比例混合,将香菇菌糠与鸡粪以9∶1的比例混合,需额外辅以0.7%N、P_2O_5或K_2O养分才能确保堆料达标。
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| 关 键 词： | 菌糠 鸡粪 堆肥 腐殖质品质 发芽指数 |
Effect of Different Ratio of Spent Mushroom Substrates and Chicken Manure on Quality of Composting |
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| WANG Nan,ZHANG Xi,LIU Binxian,XU Junping,BAO Yan,WANG Yuemei,YANG Ping,WANG Shuai.Effect of Different Ratio of Spent Mushroom Substrates and Chicken Manure on Quality of Composting[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2017,46(4). |
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| Authors: | WANG Nan ZHANG Xi LIU Binxian XU Junping BAO Yan WANG Yuemei YANG Ping WANG Shuai |
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| Abstract: | To explore the reasonable composting mode of three kinds of spent mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus,Auricularia auricula,Lentinus edodes) substrates and screen the appropriate composting recipe,the substrates of Pleurotus ostreatus (Ⅰ),Auricularia auricula (Ⅱ),Lentinus edodes (Ⅲ) serving as the raw materials and respectively mixed with chicken manure in varying mass ratios of 9∶1 (1),7 ∶ 3 (2),5 ∶ 5 (3) and 3∶7 (4).After a period of 90 d in the aerobic composting,the C/N ratio,total nutrient content,the ratio of C contents of humic acid to fulvic acid,the optical density ratio of humic acid alkali solution at 465,665 nm(E4/E6) and germination index of composting were studied,so as to determine the appropriate proportion between mushroom substrates and chicken manure,and ultimately provide some scientific basis for the utilization of mushroom substrates resource.The results showed that three kinds of mushroom substrates mixed with chicken manure,no matter whose ratios were,their C/N ratios of composting had a gradual declining trend.Besides Ⅲ-2 treatment,the other treatments could effectively reduce the C/N to less than 20;the total nutrient contents of Ⅰ-4 Ⅱ-3,Ⅱ-4,Ⅲ-3,Ⅲ-4 treatments could reach the standard that was equal or greater than 5％,which were 5.4％,5.0％,5.7％,5.4％,6.1％ respectively.Compared with the results of composting for 10 d,composting for 90 d,the Ⅰ-1,Ⅰ-2,Ⅱ-4,Ⅲ-1,Ⅲ-2,Ⅲ-3 treatments could effectively promote the transformation of fulvic aicd into humic acid,which could increase the ratio of C contents of humic acid to fulvic acid,and the increasing ranges were 53.8％,50.0％,23.0％,41.0％,44.8％,5.3％ respectively,in the process,the Ⅱ-3 treatment was not able to enhance its ratio,but the Ⅰ-3,Ⅰ-4,Ⅱ-1,Ⅱ-2,Ⅲ-4 treatments could reduce this ratio;the E4/E6 of humic acid of Ⅰ-1,Ⅰ-2,Ⅰ-3,Ⅱ-1,Ⅱ-2,Ⅱ-3,Ⅲ-1,Ⅲ-2,Ⅲ-3 treatments were all decreased,whose decreasing ranges were 37.0 ％,29.8 ％,4.5 ％,19.1％,7.7 ％,14.3 ％,18.1％,19.0 ％,11.1％,respectively,and in this process,the Ⅰ-4 and Ⅲ-4 treatments could slightly raise the ratio of E4/E6.However,the Ⅱ-4 treatment had no significant effect on this ratio.After the composing for 90 d,the Ⅲ-4 treatment could not detoxify the composting and have some adverse effects on the seed germination.The other treatments could promote the corn seed germination by reducing the biological toxicity of composting.To sum up,the equal proportion of Lentinus edodes mushroom substrate to chicken manure had the best composting effect;no matter which ratio of Auricularia auricular spent mushroom substrate to chicken manure was,the indexes of composting were all unable to meet the requirements;the ratio of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom substrate to chicken manure was adjusted to 9∶1 or 7 ∶ 3,and the ratio of Lentinus edodes mushroom substrate to chicken manure was 9∶1,more than 0.7％ of extra N,P2O5 or K2O should be added into the composting to achieve success. |
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| Keywords: | spent mushroom substrates chicken manure composting humus quality germination index |
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