| 不同铵硝配比对芝麻苗期光合荧光特性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐子先,李银水,韩配配,廖祥生,胡小加,谢立华,余常兵,张秀荣,廖星,秦璐.不同铵硝配比对芝麻苗期光合荧光特性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(9). |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐子先 李银水 韩配配 廖祥生 胡小加 谢立华 余常兵 张秀荣 廖星 秦璐 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院 油料作物研究所/农业部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点开放实验室,湖北 武汉,430062 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国农业科学院创新工程项目，杰出青年英才计划项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了明确不同氮素形态(铵硝配比)对芝麻苗期光合荧光特性的影响,探究适合芝麻生长的铵硝配比,采用营养液栽培方法研究了不同铵硝配比(10∶0、9∶1、3∶1、1∶1、1∶3、1∶9、0∶10)对芝麻品种中芝13(ZZ13)和漯12(L12)苗期光合特性、光合色素、叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,铵态氮比例过高显著抑制芝麻生长,铵硝配比为10∶0和9∶1时植株死亡,高比例铵态氮(铵硝配比3∶1)处理的芝麻幼苗地上部干质量显著低于其他处理;随着铵态氮比例降低,抑制作用减弱,并且适当配施硝态氮(铵硝配比1∶9)时2个芝麻品种地上部干质量达最大值,ZZ13和L12的叶绿素a、b含量及叶绿素总量分别在铵硝配比1∶9和0∶10时达到最高,而铵硝配比3∶1时上述光合色素含量大幅降低。铵硝配比1∶9时,ZZ13和L12的净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均最大,而高比例铵态氮处理时Pn和Tr均显著降低,两者对铵态氮的响应较为明显。此外,与纯硝态氮处理相比,铵硝配比1∶9显著提高了ZZ13的光系统活性,表现为光系统Ⅱ最大量子效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)显著增加,非光化学猝灭系数(q N)显著降低,但对L12光系统Ⅱ活性的提高不明显;而铵硝配比3∶1显著抑制了ZZ13和L12的光系统Ⅱ活性,表现为Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和q P(光化学猝灭系数)值显著降低,Fo(基础荧光)和q N值显著增加。可见,铵硝配比1∶9最适合芝麻生长,尤其是对于ZZ13,其促进光合作用的主导因素是显著提高了光系统Ⅱ活性,而对芝麻叶片光合色素含量及组成比例的影响不显著;高比例铵态氮对芝麻叶片光合色素含量及组成比例、光系统Ⅱ活性、Pn和Tr都产生了不良影响,进而严重抑制芝麻的光合作用和生长。
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| 关 键 词： | 芝麻 铵硝配比 光合特性 光合色素 叶绿素荧光 |
Effect of Different NH+4-N/NO-3-N Ratios on the Photosynthetic and Fluorescence Characteristics of Sesame Seedlings |
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| XU Zixian,LI Yinshui,HAN Peipei,LIAO Xiangsheng,HU Xiaojia,XIE Lihua,YU Changbing,ZHANG Xiurong,LIAO Xing,QIN Lu.Effect of Different NH+4-N/NO-3-N Ratios on the Photosynthetic and Fluorescence Characteristics of Sesame Seedlings[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2017,46(9). |
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| Authors: | XU Zixian LI Yinshui HAN Peipei LIAO Xiangsheng HU Xiaojia XIE Lihua YU Changbing ZHANG Xiurong LIAO Xing QIN Lu |
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| Abstract: | In order to explore the effect of different NH+4-N/NO-3-N ratios on the photosynthetic characteristics of sesame seedlings and the suitable ratio for the growth of sesame,hydroponic experiments were performed to study the different NH+4-N/NO-3-N ratios(10:0,9:1,3:1,1:1,1:3,1:9,0:10) on the photosynthetic characteristics,pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence of sesame cultivars ZZ13 and L12.Results showed that high NH+4-N/NO-3-N ratio significantly inhibited the growth of sesame,resulting in the death(10:0 and 9:1) and the reduced dry weight(3:1) of sesame seedlings.With the decrease of NH+4-N,the inhibition were alleviated,moreover,the shoot dry weight of ZZ13 and L12 reached maximum under NH+4-N/NO-3-N ratio at 1:9.While the the content of Chl a,Chl b,Chl (a+b) achieved the highest values under NH+4-N/NO-3-N ratio at 1:9 and 0:10,respectively.However,these parameters greatly decreased when applied the NH+4-N/NO-3-N ratio at 3:1.The photosynthetic rate(Pn) and respiratory rates(Tr) of two cultivars were also greatest under NH+4-N/NO-3-N ratio at 1:9,reversely,the Pn and Tr of two cultivars were both greatly reduced when applied more NH+4-N(3:1 and 1:1),these two parameters were sensitive to addition of NH+4-N.Furthermore,compared to the total NO-3-N treatment,appropriately applied with NH+4-N 1:9 significantly improved the PSⅡactivity of ZZ13,as indicated by the significant increase of Fv/Fm,ΦPSⅡand decrease of qN.However,the NH+4-N/NO-3-N ratio at 3:1 both suppressed the PSⅡactivity of two cultivars,these parameters exhibited reversed tendency as compared with ratio at 1:9.These results indicated that the NH+4-N/NO-3-N ratio at 1:9 was more suitable for the growth of sesame seedlings in the present study,especially for ZZ13,the improvement of the PSⅡactivity might promote the photosyntheis of sesame.While the higher proportion of NH+4-N had an undesirable influence on the photosynthetic pigment content and its composition,PSⅡactivity,Pn and Tr,then finally seriously inhibited the photosynthesis and growth of sesame seedlings. |
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| Keywords: | sesame NH+4-N/NO-3-N ratio photosynthetic characteristics photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll fluorescence |
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