| 播娘蒿花部综合征与传粉模式的适应性研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 买金梅,牛豆,汤小港,刘航,张爱勤.播娘蒿花部综合征与传粉模式的适应性研究[J].干旱区研究,2019,36(1):169-175. |
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| 作者姓名： | 买金梅 牛豆 汤小港 刘航 张爱勤 |
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| 作者单位： | 新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆乌鲁木齐,830046;新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆乌鲁木齐,830046;新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆乌鲁木齐,830046;新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆乌鲁木齐,830046;新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆乌鲁木齐,830046 |
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| 基金项目： | 创新训练项目;国家自然科学基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 被子植物中花部特征和形态多变性显示出对多种传粉模式的适应性。前期观测发现,早春短命植物播娘蒿(Descurainia sophia)因花小、不够醒目表现出与自花传粉相适应的花部特征,而花药状的花瓣、宿存的花萼似乎与吸引传粉者有一定的关系。为了探讨其花部综合征与传粉模式的相互关系,通过野外观测、人工控制试验等对其开花习性、花部特征、花瓣的广告效应和交配系统等进行了研究,结果表明:播娘蒿为兼性自交的交配系统类型,自交亲和但保持异交能力。晴朗天气,10:00左右开放,17:00左右闭合,花期1~2 d;开放后的单花,雌蕊不断伸长,经历了低于雄蕊、与雄蕊等高和高于雄蕊3个阶段。播娘蒿有传粉者,但访花频率极低,分别为(0.062±0.027)flower·h^-1(2015年)和(0.01±0.005)flower·h^-1(2016年)。控制试验显示花药状花瓣和宿存花萼不具有增强吸引传粉者的广告效应。播娘蒿柱头花粉主要来源于自花粉,自花粉的传递发生在雌蕊与两轮雄蕊分别等高的时期。播娘蒿极小的花、花药状花瓣、较低的胚珠比(P/O值)等是花器官资源投入减少的结果,是与自花传粉模式相适应的繁殖对策。
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| 关 键 词： | 播娘蒿(Descurainia sophia) 交配系统 传粉模式 花部综合征 |
Adaptability of Floral Syndrome and Pollination Pattern of Descurainia sophia |
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| MAI Jin-mei,NIU Dou,TANG Xiao-gang,LIU Hang,ZHANG Ai-qin.Adaptability of Floral Syndrome and Pollination Pattern of Descurainia sophia[J].Arid Zone Research,2019,36(1):169-175. |
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| Authors: | MAI Jin-mei NIU Dou TANG Xiao-gang LIU Hang ZHANG Ai-qin |
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| Institution: | (College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi S30046, Xinjiang, China) |
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| Abstract: | Floral syndrome and morphological variability show the adaptability to a variety of pollination modes in angiosperms.Descurainia sophia,an early spring ephemeral plant species,possesses the floral design matching with self-pollination due to the small and inconspicuous petals,but the anther-shape-like petals and persistent calyxes seem to have a certain relationship with attracting pollinators.In order to explore the relationship between floral syndromes and pollination patterns,in this study the flowering habits,floral characteristics,advertising effect of petals,mating system and so on of D.sophia,a natural population in Xinjiang,were lucubrated based on the field observation and artificial control test.The results showed that D.sophia is a facultative selfer,self-compatible with a maintained capability to outcross.On a sunny day,the flowers bloom around 10:00 o’clock and closure around 17:00,and the florescence is for 1-2 days.After blooming,pistils grow continuously and experience three stages:they are lower than stamens,as high as stamens and higher than stamens.There are pollinators of D.sophia,but their visiting frequency is extremely low,and the visiting frequency was 0.062±0.027 flower·h^-1 in 2015 and 0.01±0.005 flower·h^-1 in 2016.There was no significant difference between the control experiment by removing petals and persistent calyxes and the contrast.Both of the anther-shape-like petals and persistent calyxes have no advertising in attracting pollinators.The pollen loads on stigmas mainly derived from self-pollen in D.sophia.The self-pollen transfer occurs at the two stages when pistils are the same as height of longer stamens and shorter stamens respectively.The tiny flower size,low P/O value and anther-shape-like petals may be the result of decrease of resources allocation invested in floral show and rewards,and also show the reproductive strategies of being compatible with self-pollination pattern. |
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| Keywords: | Descurainia sophia mating system pollination pattern floral syndrome |
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