| 潮土CaCl2-P含量对磷肥施用的响应及其淋失风险分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 申艳,段英华,黄绍敏,郭斗斗,张盛楠,徐明岗.潮土CaCl2-P含量对磷肥施用的响应及其淋失风险分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(6):1689-1696. |
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| 作者姓名： | 申艳 段英华 黄绍敏 郭斗斗 张盛楠 徐明岗 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室，北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0200301）；国家自然科学基金项目（41601238）资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 土壤有效磷 (Olsen-P) 与可溶性磷 (CaCl2-P) 含量之间存在着平衡，研究磷肥施用量对潮土CaCl2-P和Olsen-P及其比值的影响，评价磷素的淋失风险，可为潮土区合理利用养分资源、减少磷肥投入和流失提供理论依据。 【方法】 选择长期定位监测基地的5个处理 (对照、NPK、预备处理、NPKM和1.5NPKM处理，简称OP1、OP2、OP3、OP4、OP5)，5个处理的土壤Olsen-P含量存在显著差异 (0.8、12.5、25.7、44.7、56.4 mg/kg)，据此在每个处理上再设置5个施磷量水平 (F0、F1、F2、F3、F4)，试验采取微区形式，随机区组设计，种植作物为夏玉米–冬小麦双季轮作。作物收获后，采集土壤样品，测定土壤Olsen-P和CaCl2-P含量，建立Olsen-P和CaCl2-P之间的定量关系。 【结果】 土壤CaCl2-P含量为0.07～2.68 mg/kg，约为Olsen-P含量的0.5%～5.6%。短期高量磷肥施用可以显著提高土壤Olsen-P和CaCl2-P含量，但土壤Olsen-P和CaCl2-P的增加不同步。当土壤Olsen-P低于28.0 mg/kg时，CaCl2-P/Olsen-P比值随着Olsen-P的增加而降低，当Olsen-P增加至28.0 mg/kg后，CaCl2-P/Olsen-P比值随着Olsen-P的增加迅速增加，这表明磷肥施用首先提高土壤Olsen-P含量，Olsen-P增长到一定程度后CaCl2-P才迅速增加。土壤CaCl2-P和Olsen-P的关系符合双直线模型，突变点时土壤Olsen-P含量为30.2 mg/kg，对应的CaCl2-P含量为0.3 mg/kg。当土壤Olsen-P含量超过30.2 mg/kg时，土壤磷素淋失风险增加。 【结论】 高量磷肥施用可以提高土壤CaCl2-P含量，促进作物对磷的吸收，但同时增加了土壤磷素的淋失风险。研究区土壤磷素淋失临界值为30.2 mg/kg，微区试验中超过50%的小区土壤Olsen-P含量已经超过磷素淋失临界值，存在磷素淋失风险，应加强农田磷肥的科学施用和管理。
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| 关 键 词： | 施磷 Olsen-P CaCl2-P 淋失风险 潮土 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-05-09 |
Response of CaCl2-P to phosphorus fertilization and leaching risk in fluvo-aquic soils |
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| SHEN Yan,DUAN Ying-hua,HUANG Shao-min,GUO Dou-dou,ZHANG Sheng-nan,XU Ming-gang.Response of CaCl2-P to phosphorus fertilization and leaching risk in fluvo-aquic soils[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2018,24(6):1689-1696. |
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| Authors: | SHEN Yan DUAN Ying-hua HUANG Shao-min GUO Dou-dou ZHANG Sheng-nan XU Ming-gang |
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| Institution: | 1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 This study aimed to investigate the effect of phosphorus (P) fertilization on soil soluble P extracted by CaCl2 solution (CaCl2-P) in fluvo-aquic soils with different available P (Olsen-P) content and evaluate the leaching risk of soil P, in order to provide the theoretical reference on rational utilization of nutrients, reduction of chemical P fertilizer application and P loss from fluvo-aquic soils. 【Methods】 Five treatments with different Olsen-P content (0.8, 12.5, 25.7, 44.7, 56.4 mg/kg, here after referred as OP1, OP2, OP3, OP4, and OP5) from a long-term monitoring experiment were selected, and five rates of P fertilizer (F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4) were applied for each treatment. Micro-plots with random block design were established and a double cropping system was adopted in the experiment with both winter wheat and summer maize crops grown sequentially in every cropping year. After harvesting, soil samples were collected. Soil Olsen-P and CaCl2-P contents were measured and the relationship between Olsen-P and CaCl2-P was established. 【Results】 Soil CaCl2-P content was in the range of 0.07?2.68 mg/kg, accounting for 0.5%?5.6% of the soil Olsen-P. High amount of P fertilization in the short term significantly enhanced soil Olsen-P and CaCl2-P. However, the increment of Olsen-P and CaCl2-P was not synchronous. When soil Olsen-P was lower than 28.0 mg/kg, the ratio of CaCl2-P/Olsen-P decreased with the increase of Olsen-P, while the ratio of CaCl2-P/Olsen-P increased rapidly after soil Olsen-P was increased to 28.0 mg/kg, indicating that P fertilizer increased soil Olsen-P first and CaCl2-P increased rapidly after Olsen-P was increased to a certain level. The relationship between CaCl2-P and Olsen-P was fitted well with line-line model, with the change-point of 30.2 mg/kg for Olsen-P and 0.3 mg/kg for CaCl2-P, indicating that soil P leaching loss risk increased when soil Olsen-P was higher than 30.2 mg/kg. 【Conclusions】 High amount of P application improved soil CaCl2-P content, which on one hand facilitated the P uptake of crops, but on the other hand increased the leaching loss risk of soil P. In the study area, the soil P leaching loss threshold was 30.2 mg/kg. Soil Olsen-P content was higher than 30.2 mg/kg in more than 50% of plots in the microplot experiment. Therefore, scientific application and management of P fertilizer should be strengthened to decrease the leaching loss risk of soil P. |
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