| 长期不同施肥模式下南方典型农田磷肥回收率变化 |
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| 引用本文： | 黄晶,张淑香,石孝均,黄庆海,聂军,徐明岗,张会民.长期不同施肥模式下南方典型农田磷肥回收率变化[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(6):1630-1639. |
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| 作者姓名： | 黄晶 张淑香 石孝均 黄庆海 聂军 徐明岗 张会民 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室，北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划“粮食丰产增效科技创新”重点专项（2016YFD0300901，2016YFD0300902）；中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项（1610132016064，1610132016031）资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 通过比较南方典型农田不同土壤类型、不同施肥模式下的土壤供磷能力、磷肥回收率，揭示长期施肥下磷肥回收率时空变化特征，为区域内磷肥的合理施用提供科学依据。 【方法】 基于重庆北碚紫色土 (始于1991)、湖南望城 (始于1981) 和江西进贤 (始于1981) 红壤性水稻土长期施肥定位试验。选取不施肥 (CK)、单施稻草、厩肥 (M)、施化学氮钾肥 (NK)、施化学氮钾肥+猪粪 (NKM)、施化学氮磷肥 (NP)、施化学氮磷钾肥 (NPK)、施氮磷钾肥+厩肥、猪粪 (NPKM) 或稻草 (NPKS) 等不同施肥处理，分析长期不同施肥下作物吸磷量、磷肥回收率和磷肥累积回收率的动态变化，探讨不同施肥下作物磷肥回收率的变化特征。 【结果】 长期不施磷肥，土壤自然供磷量显著下降，北碚紫色土 (21年)、望城 (23年) 和进贤 (27年) 红壤性水稻土的年下降速率分别为0.60、0.48和0.63 kg/hm2。各试验点不同处理作物历年平均吸磷量的大小顺序为NPK、NPKS和NPKM > NP、NKM > CK或NK ( P < 0.05)。NPK配施猪粪，与配施厩肥或秸秆配施相比较，其作物吸磷量更高。3个试验点磷肥回收率随着施肥年限增加而提高。NPK处理磷肥回收率每年增加0.15%～1.94%， NPKM和NPKS处理磷肥回收率每年增加0.07%～1.60%。NPK处理磷肥累积回收率在37.8%～61.5%之间，NPKM和NPKS处理，其磷肥累积回收率较NPK处理降低了3.0%～34.3%。 【结论】 土壤的磷素自然供给量随作物种植年限增加而显著下降。磷肥的施用能够显著提高作物的吸磷量，NPK平衡施用的吸磷量显著高于化肥偏施；氮肥投入量每增加100 kg/hm2，作物吸磷量增加5 kg/hm2。各试验点磷肥回收率随施肥年限的增加而提高。NPK配施有机肥相比较NPK，降低了磷肥的累积回收率。磷肥施用量每增加 P 10 kg /hm2，磷肥回收率下降约0.9%。NPK与猪粪配合施用的情况下，可以考虑通过适当提高化学氮肥用量、减少化学磷肥投入的措施，从而提高磷肥回收率。
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| 关 键 词： | 长期施肥 紫色土 红壤性水稻土 磷肥回收率 磷肥累积回收率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-08-28 |
Change of phosphorus recovery efficiency under long-term fertilization in typical farmland in southern China |
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| HUANG Jing,ZHANG Shu-xiang,SHI Xiao-jun,HUANG Qing-hai,NIE Jun,XU Ming-gang,ZHANG Hui-min.Change of phosphorus recovery efficiency under long-term fertilization in typical farmland in southern China[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2018,24(6):1630-1639. |
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| Authors: | HUANG Jing ZHANG Shu-xiang SHI Xiao-jun HUANG Qing-hai NIE Jun XU Ming-gang ZHANG Hui-min |
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| Institution: | 1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 Long-term fertilization changes the phosphorus recovery efficiency (PRE), uptake and cumulative recovery efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer (CPRE). The change characteristics at regional scale were studied in southern China, aiming to provide academic support for the management of phosphorous nutrients. 【Methods】 The selected soils for long-term experiments were the purple soil in Beibei, Chongqing (since 1991), reddish paddy soil in Wangcheng, Hunan (since 1981) and Jinxian, Jiangxi (since 1981). The investigated treatments included no fertilizer application (CK), only rice straw or barnyard manure (M), inorganic nitrogen and potassium fertilizer (NK), NK with pig manure (NKM), inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (NP), inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potash (NPK), NPK with pig manure or barnyard manure (NPKM), and NPK with rice straw (NPKS). The phosphorus uptake, PRE and CPRE were evaluated. 【Results】 After 21?27 years’ cultivation without inorganic phosphorus fertilizer input, soil phosphorus supply decreased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with fertilization treatments. The annual decline rates were 0.60, 0.48 and 0.63 kg/hm 2 for purple soil in Beibei, reddish paddy soil in Wangcheng and Jinxian, respectively. The order of annual average phosphorus uptake under different treatments was as follows: NPK, NPKS, NPKM > NP, NKM > CK, NK ( P<0.05). Higher phosphorus uptake was obtained in NPK combined with pig manure than combined with barnyard manure or straw. PRE increased with the increase of fertilization years in all the three experimental sites. The annual increase in PRE was 0.15%?0.94% in NPK, and 0.07%?1.60% in NPKM and NPKS. The CPRE was 37.8%?61.5% in NPK. As compared with NPK treatment, CPRE decreased by 3.0% and 34.3% respectively in NPKM and NPKS. 【Conclusions】 No P fertilization significantly decreased supply of phosphorus to crops, while long-term P fertilization increased P uptake. Crops will absorb significantly more phosphorus under balance NPK fertilization than under unbalanced fertilization. Every increase of 100 kg/hm2 in N fertilizer input will increase 5 kg/hm2of P absorption. The P recovery efficiencies increase with the increase of fertilization years. Compared with NPK application, the combined application of NPK with organic fertilizer decrease the cumulative utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer. Every increase of P fertilizer by 10 kg/hm2 will decrease the PRE by 0.9%. Therefore, properly increasing N and decreasing P fertilizer inputs are recommended to improve the utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer when NPK is applied with manure. |
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