| 茄果类蔬菜秸秆原位还田对设施土壤综合质量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 谢鹰飞,宋梦圆,姜伟,刘兴群,张子扬,田永强,高丽红.茄果类蔬菜秸秆原位还田对设施土壤综合质量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2023,39(18):111-122. |
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| 作者姓名： | 谢鹰飞 宋梦圆 姜伟 刘兴群 张子扬 田永强 高丽红 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业大学园艺学院, 设施蔬菜生长发育调控北京市重点实验室, 北京 100193;内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院, 呼和浩特 010031 |
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| 基金项目： | 设施蔬菜秸秆废弃物无害化利用技术研究与应用（2022YFDZ0052）；国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系项目（CARS-23）；北京市设施蔬菜创新团队项目（BAIC01-2023）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为明确茄果类蔬菜秸秆原位还田对设施土壤综合质量的影响，该研究以番茄、茄子和辣椒秸秆为试材，设置了秸秆不还田（CK）、秸秆原位还田（SR）、秸秆原位还田+氰氨化钙（SR+C）和秸秆原位还田+微生物菌剂（SR+M）4个处理，研究了茄果类蔬菜秸秆不同原位还田方式对土壤化学性质、微生物群落和秸秆降解率的影响，并通过计算土壤质量指数（soil quality index，SQI）对土壤质量进行了综合评价。结果表明：与CK相比，SR、SR+C和SR+M处理均可提高土壤阳离子交换量，增加土壤有机碳库，改善土壤养分条件，并调节土壤细菌和真菌的群落结构。添加氰氨化钙抑制了辣椒秸秆的降解，但对番茄和茄子秸秆没有影响；添加微生物菌剂能够促进3种蔬菜秸秆的降解。秸秆原位还田处理均提高了设施菜田SQI，相较于CK，SR、SR+C和SR+M处理的SQI分别提高了15.8%～32.5%、8.8%～56.8%和21.8%～51.4%。研究结果为茄果类蔬菜秸秆资源化利用和设施蔬菜可持续生产提供了理论参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤 秸秆 蔬菜 秸秆原位还田 土壤质量 还田方式 |
| 收稿时间： | 2023/5/8 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2023/9/5 0:00:00 |
Effects of in-situ returning solanaceous vegetable straw on comprehensive quality of facilities soil |
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| XIE Yingfei,SONG Mengyuan,JIANG Wei,LIU Xingqun,ZHANG Ziyang,TIAN Yongqiang,GAO Lihong.Effects of in-situ returning solanaceous vegetable straw on comprehensive quality of facilities soil[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2023,39(18):111-122. |
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| Authors: | XIE Yingfei SONG Mengyuan JIANG Wei LIU Xingqun ZHANG Ziyang TIAN Yongqiang GAO Lihong |
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| Institution: | Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Development Regulation for Protected Vegetables, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China |
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| Abstract: | Soil as an important natural resource is crucial for plant growth. However, rapid soil degradation has been found in recent years, due mainly to some unreasonable management measures, such as the abuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as well as the long-term continuous cropping. The degraded soil with the lower soil quality can also result in lower crop productivity. The soil quality can be characterized by the loss of soil organic carbon. In view of the crop straw with the high carbon content, in-situ returning straw has the great potential for high soil quality and crop productivity. A large amount of vegetable straw has been produced in China at present, particularly with the ever-increasing cultivation area and output of vegetables. It is very necessary to promote the utilization rate of vegetable straw, in order to reduce the serious resource waste and a series of environmental issues after directly discarding or burning. The continuous removal of vegetable straw from the farmland ecosystem can also cause the loss of soil nutrients and the attenuation of the organic carbon pool. Fortunately, in-situ returning vegetable straw can serve as an effective resource utilization. This study aims to clarify the effect of in-situ returning solanaceous vegetable straw on the comprehensive quality of facilities soil in the fields. The calcium cyanamide and microbial agents were also applied to the vegetable straw during in situ returning. Taking the tomato, eggplant and pepper straw as test materials, a field experiment was performed on the four treatments: non-straw returning (CK), in-situ straw returning (SR), in-situ straw returning+calcium cyanamide (SR+C), and in-situ straw returning+microbial agent (SR+M). A systematic investigation was then conducted to determine the effects of different treatments on the soil chemical properties, microbial community, and degradation rate of straw. The soil quality was fully evaluated to calculate the soil quality index (Q). The results showed that better performance was achieved in the SR, SR+C and SR+M treatments, compared with the CK. There was an increase in the cation exchange capacity, and organic carbon pool, and nutrient conditions in the soil, indicating a better change in the soil bacterial and fungal community structure. The addition of calcium cyanamide inhibited the degradation of pepper straw, but there was no effect on the tomato and eggplant straw. By contrast, the microbial agent promoted the degradation of the three vegetable straws. Furthermore, the improved Q of facility vegetable fields was achieved after in-situ returning straw treatments. Specifically, the Q values of SR, SR+C, and SR+M treatments increased by 15.8%-32.5%, 8.8%-56.8%, and 21.8%-51.4%, respectively, compared with the CK. Therefore, the in-situ returning straw combined with the application of calcium cyanamide or microbial agent can be expected to serve as an effective resource utilization for the high comprehensive quality of the facility soil in the facility cultivation of solanum vegetables. Among them, the application of calcium cyanamide greatly contributed to the comprehensive quality of facility tomato soil, whereas, the microbial agent was for the facility eggplant and pepper soil. The finding can provide the theoretical reference for the resource utilization of solanum vegetable straw in the sustainable production of facility vegetables. |
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| Keywords: | soil straw vegetables straw returning in situ soil quality returning methods |
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