| 侧深施氮对机械直播水稻产量及氮素利用的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 朱从桦,李旭毅,陈惠哲,武辉,欧阳裕元,余俊奇,黄豹明,罗粞.侧深施氮对机械直播水稻产量及氮素利用的影响[J].核农学报,2020,34(9):2051-2058. |
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| 作者姓名： | 朱从桦 李旭毅 陈惠哲 武辉 欧阳裕元 余俊奇 黄豹明 罗粞 |
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| 作者单位： | 1四川省农业科学院作物研究所,四川 成都 610066; 2中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 311400; 3宜宾学院,四川 宜宾 644000 |
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| 基金项目： | 四川省财政创新能力提升工程项目;四川省科技计划;国家重点研发计划 |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究侧深施肥对川西平原区机械直播水稻产量形成和氮素利用的影响,本研究以常规籼稻黄华占为试验材料,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,研究不施氮肥(N0)、尿素2次撒施(TF)、尿素1次撒施(UB)、尿素侧深施(UM)、尿素和缓释尿素混合侧深施(SRUM)对机械直播水稻干物质积累,氮素积累、转运、分配,产量形成及氮素利用的影响。结果表明,直播水稻干物质积累、氮素吸收总量、氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用率和产量均表现为SRUM>UM>TF>UB>N0。SRUM和UM茎叶氮素表观转移量、茎叶转移的氮对籽粒氮的贡献率均显著高于其他处理。SRUM茎叶干物质转运量显著高于UB和UM,增幅分别为28.97%和4.17%。SRUM和UM有效穗数显著高于其他处理,处理间差异达显著水平(P<0.05),产量分别较UB增长8.00%和12.95%。与TF相比,UM、SRUM氮肥吸收利用率分别提高11.35%、46.94%,氮肥农学利用率分别提高7.22%、25.88%。相比其他施氮处理,SRUM能够显著提高直播水稻的有效穗数、干物质积累量、氮素吸收总量、茎叶氮素表观转移量和茎叶干物质转运量,同步提高产量和氮肥利用率。可见,SRUM既能减少机械直播水稻的施肥次数,又能增产增效,值得大面积推广应用。本研究为川西平原直播稻的轻简化生产提供了参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 机械直播水稻 侧深施肥 缓释尿素 产量 氮肥吸收利用率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-04-04 |
Effects of Side Deep Placement of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Mechanized Direct-Seeded Rice |
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| ZHU Conghua,LI Xuyi,CHEN Huizhe,WU Hui,OU-YANG Yuyuan,YU Junqi,HUANG Baoming,LUO Xi.Effects of Side Deep Placement of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Mechanized Direct-Seeded Rice[J].Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica,2020,34(9):2051-2058. |
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| Authors: | ZHU Conghua LI Xuyi CHEN Huizhe WU Hui OU-YANG Yuyuan YU Junqi HUANG Baoming LUO Xi |
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| Institution: | 1Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066; 2China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400; 3Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000 |
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| Abstract: | To determine effects of mechanized side deep placement of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on the yield formation and N utilization of direct-seeded rice cultivated on the Chuanxi Plain. A field experiment was conducted using the conventional Indica rice cultivar ‘Huanghuazhan’ planted in a randomized block design with five N treatments: no N fertilizer (N0), urea surface broadcasting twice (TF), urea surface broadcasting one time (UB), urea mechanical side deep placement (UM), and urea and slow-release urea mechanical side deep placement (SRUM). The effects of the different N application methods on dry matter and N accumulation, transport, and distribution, as well as the yield formation and N use efficiency of mechanized direct-seeded rice were determined. The five treatments were ranked, from highest total dry matter accumulation, N uptake, N recovery efficiency, N agronomic use efficiency, and grain yield of direct-seeded rice to lowest, following the order of : SRUM>UM>TF>UB>N0. The apparent N translocation in the stem and leaves and its contribution to grain N accumulation were significantly higher in the mechanical side deep placement treatments (SRUM and UM) than in the other treatments, and dry matter translocation was significantly higher in the SRUM treatment than in the UB and UM treatments (28.97% and 4.17% higher, respectively). The number of effective panicles was significantly higher in the SRUM and UM treatments than in the other treatments (P<0.05), and their yields were 8.00% and 12.95% higher, respectively, than that of the UB treatment. Compared with the TF treatment, the UM and SRUM treatments resulted in higher N recovery efficiency (11.35% and 46.94% higher, respectively) and higher agronomic use efficiency of N fertilizer (7.22% and 25.88% higher, respectively). Compared with other treatments, the SRUM treatment significantly increased the number of effective panicles, dry matter accumulation, N uptake, apparent N and dry matter translocation in stems and leaves during the grain filling stage, yield, and N use efficiency. Hence, SRUM not only reduced the number of fertilizer applications required for mechanized direct-seeded rice, but also increased production and efficiency. Therefore, this method is suitable for widespread application. This information can provide a theoretical basis for improving and simplifying the production of direct-seeded rice in Chuanxi Plain. |
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| Keywords: | mechanized direct-seeded rice side deep fertilization slow release nitrogen fertilizer yield nitrogen recovery efficiency |
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