| 两种产量水平下减量施氮对杂交中稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 蒋鹏,徐富贤,熊洪,张林,朱永川,郭晓艺,陈琳,明静.两种产量水平下减量施氮对杂交中稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J].核农学报,2020,34(1):147-156. |
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| 作者姓名： | 蒋鹏 徐富贤 熊洪 张林 朱永川 郭晓艺 陈琳 明静 |
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| 作者单位： | 1四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所/农业部西南水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 四川 德阳 618000;2泸州市纳溪区农业局,四川 泸州 646300 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划;国家水稻产业技术体系项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究不同产量水平下减量施氮对杂交中稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响,以杂交中稻蓉优1015为试验材料,于2016-2017年在四川泸州和德阳进行大田试验,研究不同产量水平下减量施氮常规施氮量(195 kg·hm-2,NCK)、减量23%(N-23%)、减量46%(N-46%)、不施氮(N0)]对杂交中稻产量、吸氮量、氮素收获指数、氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,不同地点间杂交中稻产量差异显著,泸州点平均产量为8.54 t·hm-2(中产点),德阳点平均产量为11.60 t·hm-2(高产点)。杂交中稻产量和氮肥利用率对减量施氮的响应随产量水平的变化而变化。中产点:N-46%处理杂交中稻产量与NCK相当,但N-46%处理氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥生理利用率、氮收获指数较NCK平均分别增加了93.4%、87.5%、123.4%、6.8个百分点;稻草吸氮量、总吸氮量和生产单位籽粒需氮量较NCK平均分别下降了32.1%、20.6%、21.4%。高产点:N-46%处理杂交中稻氮肥利用率高于NCK,但其产量较NCK平均下降了7.3%,且两者差异显著。与NCK相比,高产点N-23%处理杂交中稻产量、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥生理利用率、氮收获指数平均分别增加1.3%、36.1%、31.7%、4.4个百分点、21.0%、3.2个百分点,稻草吸氮量、总吸氮量、生产单位籽粒需氮量平均分别降低了12.8%、5.6%、6.4%。减氮处理较高的氮肥利用率与其成熟期相对较低的稻草吸氮量和较高的氮素收获指数有关。同时,相关性分析表明,生产单位籽粒需氮量与稻草吸氮量、总吸氮量呈显著正相关,与氮素收获指数呈显著负相关。可见,根据产量水平合理确定的氮肥减施量,有利于杂交中稻产量和氮肥利用率的协同提高。本研究结果为不同产量水平下杂交中稻减量施氮提供了科学依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 减量施氮 杂交中稻 氮肥利用率 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-07-11 |
Effect of Reduced Nitrogen Application on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Hybrid Mid-season Rice Under Two Yield Levels |
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| JIANG Peng,XU Fuxian,XIONG Hong,ZHANG Lin,ZHU Yongchuan,GUO Xiaoyi,CHEN Lin,MING Jing.Effect of Reduced Nitrogen Application on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Hybrid Mid-season Rice Under Two Yield Levels[J].Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica,2020,34(1):147-156. |
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| Authors: | JIANG Peng XU Fuxian XIONG Hong ZHANG Lin ZHU Yongchuan GUO Xiaoyi CHEN Lin MING Jing |
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| Institution: | 1Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Deyang, Sichuan 618000;2Naxi District Agricultural Bureau of Luzhou City, Luzhou, Sichuan 646300 |
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| Abstract: | The objective of this study is to explore the effect of reducing nitrogen (N) application on grain yield and N use efficiency of hybrid mid-season rice under different yield levels, field experiments were conducted at Luzhou City and Deyang City, Sichuan Province in China in 2016 and 2017. In each year, a hybrid mid-season rice Rongyou1015 was grown under four N treatments (conventional N application rate, 195 kg·hm-2, a 23% reduction in N rate, a 46% reduction in N rate and no N application, named as NCK, N-23%, N-46% and N0, respectively). Grain yield, N uptake, N harvest index, N use efficiency were measured for each N treatment. The results showed that grain yield of hybrid mid-season rice was significantly affected by experiment sites. The average grain yield of hybrid mid-season rice at Luzhou and Deyang was 8.54 (medium yield level) and 11.60 t·hm-2(high yield level), respectively. Grain yield and N use efficiency responses of hybrid mid-season rice to reduce N application rate varied with rice yield levels. Grain yield of hybrid mid-season rice under a 46% reduction in N rate and NCK treatment was equal, while a 46% reduction in N rate treatment can increase agronomic efficiency of apply N (AEN) by 93.4%, partial factor productivity of apply N (PFPN) by 87.5%, physiological efficiency of apply N (PEN) by 123.4% and N harvest index (NHI) by 6.8 percent over NCK at medium-yielding site. N uptake in straw, total N uptake and N requirement for producing per unit grain yield under N-46% treatment was 32.1% and 20.6% lower than those under NCK treatment. Consequently, N-46% treatment had 21.4% lower in N requirement for producing per unit grain yield than NCK treatment. Although reducing N rate by 46% (N-46%) treatment resulted in higher N use efficiency than NCK treatment in high-yielding level site, there were about 7.3% lower grain yield in N-46% treatment than in NCK treatment. Compared to NCK treatment, N-23% treatment had higher grain yield, AEN, PFPN, REN, PEN and NHI by 1.3%, 36.1%, 31.7%, 4.4 percent, 21.0% and 3.2 percent, respectively. N-23% treatment had 12.8%, 5.6% and 6.4% lower in N uptake in straw, total N uptake and N requirement for producing per unit grain yield than NCK treatment, respectively. The higher N use efficiency of reducing N application treatment mainly due to the contribution of lower N uptake in straw and higher N harvest index at maturity. Meanwhile, the correlation analysis showed that N requirement for producing per unit grain yield were positively related to N uptake in straw and total N uptake, but negatively to NHI. Our results suggest that rational reducing N application could achieve higher yielding coordinately with higher nitrogen use efficiency, but reduction in N rate was determined according to yield levels. The findings could provide a scientific basis for reducing nitrogen application under different yield levels in hybrid mid-season rice production. |
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| Keywords: | reduced N application hybrid mid-season rice N use efficiency grain yield |
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