| 氮肥用量对花生氮素吸收与分配的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 戴良香,张智猛,张冠初,张杨,慈敦伟,秦斐斐,丁红.氮肥用量对花生氮素吸收与分配的影响[J].核农学报,2020,34(2):370-375. |
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| 作者姓名： | 戴良香 张智猛 张冠初 张杨 慈敦伟 秦斐斐 丁红 |
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| 作者单位： | 1山东省花生研究所,山东 青岛 266100; 2沈阳农业大学,辽宁 沈阳 110000; 3青岛市黄岛区植物保护站,山东 青岛 266400 |
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| 基金项目： | 山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目花生创新团队项目;山东省自然科学基金;创新工程项目;国家重点研发计划 |
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| 摘 要： | 为明确花生氮素吸收与分配规律,以花育25号为试验材料进行土柱栽培试验,采用15N 示踪法研究氮肥用量对花生不同器官氮素同化吸收与积累分配的影响。结果表明,当施氮量超过90 kg·hm-2(N2)时,花生植株各器官干物质量及氮素积累量基本不再显著增加。籽仁干物重在3个施氮量(N1、N2、N3) 条件下分别较不施氮增加2.61%、5.32%和1.88%,且在施氮量90 kg·hm-2(N2)时最高,为19.00 g/株。同一施氮量条件下,花生不同器官15N 积累量表现为籽仁> 叶> 茎>果壳>根;在不同施氮量条件下,15N 在花生各器官积累量随施氮量增加而增加。N2增加了15N 在籽仁中的分配比例,降低了茎和叶片中的分配比例,促进氮素由营养器官向生殖器官转运,提高了15N 在籽仁中的积累量,其氮肥利用率分别较N1、N3和N4提高22.77%、17.56%和28.13%。综上,本试验条件下施用90 kg·hm-2氮素(N2)可提高花生籽仁干物重,增加氮素积累量和氮肥利用率。一元二次方程模拟结果表明,77.19 kg·hm-2为花生产量最高的最适施氮量。本研究结果为花生氮肥利用率及氮肥的合理施用提供了理论依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 花生 施氮量 15N 氮肥利用率 氮素吸收与分配 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-08-22 |
Effects of Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen Uptake and Distribution in Peanut |
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| DAI Liangxiang,ZHANG Zhimeng,ZHANG Guanchu,ZHANG Yang,Ci Dunwei,QIN Feifei,DING Hong.Effects of Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen Uptake and Distribution in Peanut[J].Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica,2020,34(2):370-375. |
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| Authors: | DAI Liangxiang ZHANG Zhimeng ZHANG Guanchu ZHANG Yang Ci Dunwei QIN Feifei DING Hong |
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| Institution: | 1Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266100; 2Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang,Liaoning 110000; 3Plant Protection Station in Huangdao District of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266400 |
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| Abstract: | To clarify the rule of nitrogen absorption and distribution of peanut, the peanut Huayu 25 was planted in soil column as experimental material and the effects of nitrogen application on nitrogen assimilation, accumulation and distribution in different organs of peanut were studied using15N tracer method. The results showed that the dry mass and nitrogen accumulation in all organs of peanut plants were not significantly increased when the amount of nitrogen applied exceeded 90 kg·hm-2(N2).Compared with no nitrogen application, the dry weight of seeds under N1, N2 and N3 conditions increased by 2.61%, 5.32% and 1.88%, respectively. The seeds weight had the highest value of 19.00 g·plant-1 in 90 kg·hm-2(N2) treatment. With the same nitrogen application rate, the accumulation rate of 15N in different organs of peanut followed the order of seed> leaf> stem>hull> root. With different nitrogen application rates, the accumulation of 15N in each peanut organ increased with the increase of nitrogen application. The distribution ratio of 15N in seeds was increased under N2 treatment, while the proportion of 15N distribution in stems and leaf were reduced compared with other nitrogen application rates. The transfer of nitrogen from vegetative organs to reproductive organs were promoted under N2 treatment, which facilitated the accumulation of 15N in seeds. Compared with N1, N3 and N4 treatment, the nitrogen use efficiency under N2 was increased by 22.77%, 17.56% and 28.13%, respectively. In summary, the application of 90 kg·hm-2nitrogen tertilizer (N2) improved the dry matter of peanut seeds, the accumulation of nitrogen and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. Moreover, the relationship between nitrogen application and peanut yield was described by a quadratic equation, which showed that the 77.19 kg·hm-2nitrogen application was suitable for applying nitrogen on peanut. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of the nitrogen use efficiency and rational application of nitrogen fertiltzer of peanut. |
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| Keywords: | peanut nitrogen application 15N nitrogen use efficiency nitrogen absorption and distribution |
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