| 贡嘎山海螺沟冰川退缩区土壤序列矿物组成变化 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨子江,邴海健,周 俊,吴艳宏,孙宏洋,罗 辑,孙守琴,王吉鹏.贡嘎山海螺沟冰川退缩区土壤序列矿物组成变化[J].土壤学报,2015,52(3):507-516. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨子江 邴海健 周 俊 吴艳宏 孙宏洋 罗 辑 孙守琴 王吉鹏 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所；中国科学院大学,中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所；中国科学院大学 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41272200） |
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| 摘 要： | 阐明土壤中矿物随时间变化的机制是理解矿物风化和土壤发育的基础。利用X射线衍射法对贡嘎山海螺沟冰川退缩区土壤矿物组成随成土作用时间变化进行了定量分析。结果表明,冰川退缩区成土母质的矿物组成同质性较高,以硅酸盐矿物为主(约90%),包括:斜长石(28.5%)、石英(24.5%)、黑云母、钾长石、普通辉石、角闪石、绿泥石、蛭石;并有少量碳酸盐矿物,如方解石(8%)、白云石(2.3%);以及磷酸盐矿物磷灰石(2.1%)。退缩区土壤的矿物组成总体呈新发育土壤特征,随着成土年龄的增加,方解石逐渐被风化成为草酸钙石,角闪石、黑云母、磷灰石和绿泥石含量逐渐降低,长英质矿物的相对含量有所增加。成土作用中矿物组成的变化受植被原生演替和土壤p H的影响,快速发育的植被导致土壤p H迅速降低,风化程度增强。
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤矿物 早期风化过程 土壤序列 冰川退缩区 X衍射分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014/6/18 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2015/1/15 0:00:00 |
Variation of mineral composition along the soil chronosequence at the Hailuogou Glacier foreland of Gongga Mountain |
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| Yang Zijiang,Bing Haijian,Zhou Jun,Wu Yanhong,Sun Hongyang,Luo Ji,Sun Shouqin and Wang Jipeng.Variation of mineral composition along the soil chronosequence at the Hailuogou Glacier foreland of Gongga Mountain[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2015,52(3):507-516. |
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| Authors: | Yang Zijiang Bing Haijian Zhou Jun Wu Yanhong Sun Hongyang Luo Ji Sun Shouqin and Wang Jipeng |
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| Institution: | Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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| Abstract: | Weathering of bedrocks releasing mineral elements into the pedosphere is the starting point of global element recycling. Therefore, the knowledge of the variation of soil minerals in the soil with the soil forming process and its mechanism is the basis for understanding soil weathering and development. Since the end of the Little Ice Age, the glacier at Hailuogou on the east slope of the Gongga Mountains, Sichuan, China has been retreating continuously, leaving bottom moraines exposed to weathering and soil forming. Then the area is invaded successively by Hippophae rhamnoides L, Populous purdomii Rehder, Abies fabri, and Picea brachytyla, forming a 120 year soil development sequence and plant succession sequence. Besides, the area also contains a rich accumulation of climate data and geological structure data. In this study, six sampling sites were set up in this area, representing 0 yr, 30 yr, 40 yr, 52 yr, 80 yr and 120 yr after the retreat of the glacier, for sampling of soil in the humus horizon and parent material horizon. The soil samples were air-dried and ground to pass a chosen sieve for X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis (organic matter was removed with H2O2 in pretreatment) to determine qualitatively and quantitatively soil minerals therein in a view to analyzing mineral composition of the soil parent material along the soil chronosequence and variation of the soil minerals with soil development.
XRD analysis shows that the soil parent material horizon in the area is quite homogenous, and soil minerals are dominated with silicates (about 90%), including quartz (24.5%), plagioclase (28.5%), K-fieldspar, augite, hornblende, biotite, chlorite and vermiculite, and some carbonates, like calcite (< 8%) and dolomite (< 2.3%), and phosphate mineral apatite (< 2.1%). However, in some soil samples, some other minerals like pyrite, barites, calcium oxalate, wollastonite and smectite are also detected. The soil in the area is fairly high in content of feldspar, mica and hornblende, which is the feature of entisol. As the pedogenesis proceeds, after 52 years of exposure, calcite in the parent material begins to transform into calcium oxalate. After about 120 years of exposure, smectite is very likely to transform into biotite or hornblende, reducing its content in the soil. The soil in the humus horizon is relatively enriched in felsic minerals (quartz, plagioclase and K-feldspar). Correlation analysis shows that the contents of hornblende, apatite, biotite and chlorite decreased significantly with soil development (p <0.05). Surface vegetation biomass and soil pH are two important factors influencing weathering of surface soil. Plant growth and succession not only directly promotes weathering of the minerals in the surface soil, but also speed up, weathering of hornblende, biotite and chlorite along the soil chronosequence by reducing soil pH. And what is more, only when soil pH is dropped down below 5.5, will it accelerate weathering of apatite. In the end, by comparing the Hailuogou Soil Chronosequence with two similar soil chronosequences in the Alps, this paper deduces that mineral composition of the soil forming parent material may affect development of surface vegetation. The high contents of mafic minerals and apatite in the parent material as well as the warm and cool climate are responsible for the flourishing vegetation along the Hailuogou chronosequence. All the findings and data indicate that apparent weathering occurred at the early soil development stage of the Hailuogou Soil Chronosequence. |
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| Keywords: | Soil mineral early weathering stage soil chronosequence glacier retreat area XRD |
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