| ~(137)Cs示踪采煤沉陷坡土壤侵蚀及其对土壤养分的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 张合兵,聂小军,程静霞.~(137)Cs示踪采煤沉陷坡土壤侵蚀及其对土壤养分的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(4):137-143. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张合兵 聂小军 程静霞 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院,焦作 4540002."中原地区土地资源综合监测与持续利用"野外科学观测研究基地,焦作 454000,1. 河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院,焦作 4540002."中原地区土地资源综合监测与持续利用"野外科学观测研究基地,焦作 454000,1. 河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院,焦作 454000 |
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| 基金项目： | 河南省博士后科研资助项目（2012053）;国家自然科学基金委员会与神华集团有限责任公司联合资助项目（U1261206）;河南理工大学青年骨干教师资助项目。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为更好地理解矿区土壤退化机理,该文利用137Cs技术研究了焦作矿区具有15a沉陷历史的采煤沉陷坡土壤侵蚀特征及其对土壤养分的影响。沉陷坡137Cs含量从坡顶到下坡逐渐降低,及至坡脚急剧增大且表现出最高的值。基于137Cs本底(1 645 Bq/m2),沉陷坡坡顶至下坡表现为土壤侵蚀,而坡脚为土壤沉积。沉陷坡土壤侵蚀高达3.75 kg/(m2·a),属于中度侵蚀。沉陷坡土壤黏粒含量沿下坡方向增加,表明水蚀的分选性搬运。与对照区相比,沉陷坡侵蚀区土壤总有机碳(total organic carbon,TOC)、水溶性有机碳(water-soluble organic carbon,WSOC)、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷含量均出现了显著降低(P0.05);沉积区除WSOC显著降低(P0.05)外,其他养分含量变化不明显(P0.05)。在沉陷坡的侵蚀区,TOC与WSOC含量沿下坡方向逐渐减小,表现出与137Cs一致的分布格局;其他养分含量的坡面变化与137Cs分布不一致。相较于对照区,WSOC/TOC与碳氮比、碳磷比在沉陷坡侵蚀强烈的坡位分别出现了显著增大与降低(P0.05)。研究结果表明:1)焦作矿区自采煤沉陷坡形成以来发生了较严重的水蚀;2)侵蚀引起的土壤再分配影响沉陷坡土壤碳、氮、磷动态,其中,土壤再分配对土壤碳动态的影响最强;3)在土壤侵蚀作用下,采煤沉陷坡侵蚀强烈的坡位土壤有效态碳、氮、磷养分潜在的侵蚀风险大。采煤沉陷坡土壤侵蚀及其对土壤养分的不利影响应引起矿粮复合区土地整治的关注。
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤 侵蚀 养分 137Cs示踪 矿区土壤 采煤沉陷 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014/11/12 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2015/1/26 0:00:00 |
137Cs tracing of soil erosion and its impact on soil nutrients across subsidence slope induced by coal mining |
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| Zhang Hebing,Nie Xiaojun and Cheng Jingxia.137Cs tracing of soil erosion and its impact on soil nutrients across subsidence slope induced by coal mining[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(4):137-143. |
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| Authors: | Zhang Hebing Nie Xiaojun and Cheng Jingxia |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Surveying & Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China2. Land Research Integrated Monitoring and Sustainable Utilization in CCPG, Field Science Observation & Research Base of the MLRC, Jiaozuo 454000, China,1. School of Surveying & Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China2. Land Research Integrated Monitoring and Sustainable Utilization in CCPG, Field Science Observation & Research Base of the MLRC, Jiaozuo 454000, China and 1. School of Surveying & Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: The variation in soil nutrients related to soil erosion is crucial to the understanding of land degradation in mining areas. In this study, a representative subsidence slope induced by coal mining in Jiaozuo mine area, China was selected as the research site. The slope is a three-degree slope, has a horizontal length of 100 m, and has experienced a subsidence period of 15 years. Soil erosion and its impacts on total organic carbon (TOC), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP), and available nitrogen (AN) and phosphorus (AP) were determined by using the 137Cs technique. The 137Cs reference inventory, i.e. the total 137Cs concentration held in natural soil profiles free of erosion and human disturbance, was (1645±34) Bq/m2 in the study area. Across the subsidence slope, it was found that 137Cs inventory gradually decreased from the summit to the lower slope positions and then sharply increased at the toe slope positions where the highest values occurred. The summit, upper, middle and lower positions of the subsidence slope were erosional, which was indicated by the lower 137Cs inventories in these positions than the 137Cs reference level. The most erosional positions were found in the middle slope and lower slope. On the other hand, the elevated 137Cs inventories in the toe slope positions revealed the occurrence of the deposition. It was evaluated that the subsidence slope suffers from a moderate erosion with erosion rate estimated at 3.75 kg/(m2·a) according to the Ministry of Water Resources criteria for soil erosion (SL190-2007). Soil clay content increased downslope on the subsidence slope, suggesting the selective transport after the water erosion. The contents of soil nutrients including TOC, TN, TP, AN, and AP were lower at the erosional sites than the depositional sites of the subsidence slope. Compared with the control field, i.e. a non-subsidence cropland near the subsidence slope, the erosional sites of the subsidence slope showed significantly lower TOC, WSOC, TN, TP, AN, AP contents (P<0.05). Noteworthily, the TOC pool was highly degraded in the erosional sites, with a depletion up to 25 t/hm2. However, the depositional sites of the subsidence slope had similar soil nutrient contents compared with the control field (P>0.05), except for the WSOC, which decreased significantly (P<0.05). In addition, within the erosional sites the contents of both TOC and WSOC decreased downslope and showed a pattern similar to 137Cs distribution, whereas the similarity was not observed between other nutrients and 137Cs. Both TOC and WSOC contents were closely correlated to 137Cs inventories within the erosional sites (r=0.77, P<0.01 between TOC and 137Cs; r=0.82, P<0.01 between WSOC and 137Cs). These results suggest that soil erosion by water is serious on the subsidence slopes induced by coal mining in Jiaozuo mine area since the subsidence slopes formed. The dynamics of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous are associated with soil redistribution on the subsidence slopes. The contents of both TOC and WSOC decrease with the increasing of soil erosion. In this study, it was also found that the ratios of WSOC to TOC were significantly greater at the most erosional positions of the subsidence slope compared with the control filed, whereas the ratios of TOC to TN (i.e. C/N) and that of TOC to TP (i.e. C/P) were significantly smaller at the most erosional positions (P<0.05). It can be expected that available carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus would be at a risk of erosion at the intense erosion positions of the subsidence slopes. Effective land consolidation should be taken in the overlapped areas of crop and mineral production in order to combat the soil erosion induced by the mining subsidence and its adverse impacts on soil nutrient. |
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| Keywords: | soils erosion nutrients 137Cs tracing method mine soil coal mining-induced subsidence |
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