| 基于土地消纳粪便能力的畜禽养殖承载力 |
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| 引用本文： | 潘瑜春,孙超,刘玉,唐秀美,任艳敏.基于土地消纳粪便能力的畜禽养殖承载力[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(4):232-239. |
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| 作者姓名： | 潘瑜春 孙超 刘玉 唐秀美 任艳敏 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 北京农业信息技术研究中心，北京 100097； 2. 国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心，北京 100097； 3. 农业部农业信息技术重点实验室，北京 100097,1. 北京农业信息技术研究中心，北京 100097； 2. 国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心，北京 100097； 3. 农业部农业信息技术重点实验室，北京 100097,1. 北京农业信息技术研究中心，北京 100097； 2. 国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心，北京 100097； 3. 农业部农业信息技术重点实验室，北京 100097,1. 北京农业信息技术研究中心，北京 100097； 2. 国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心，北京 100097； 3. 农业部农业信息技术重点实验室，北京 100097,1. 北京农业信息技术研究中心，北京 100097； 2. 国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心，北京 100097； 3. 农业部农业信息技术重点实验室，北京 100097 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（41201173）和（41301093）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了评估北京市平谷区畜禽养殖承载潜力及其污染潜势,该文针对生态涵养区果园占农用地比例大这一特点,参考欧洲标准和相关文献设定了耕地和果园的氮(磷)限量标准,并分析平谷区及其各乡镇耕地和果园对畜禽养殖的承载潜力。结果表明:1)全区农用地平均粪便负荷为16.7 t/hm2,低于30 t/hm2的国家标准,果园对粪便的负荷占农用地总负荷量的66.42%,是最主要的消纳畜禽粪便的载体;2)全区尚有一定的畜禽承载潜力,以氮、磷计分别为6.25万头猪当量和9.48万头猪当量,但各乡镇承载潜力差异显著,兴谷等8个乡镇属于过量承载,具有很高的污染风险,而大华山等9个乡镇仍有较大的承载潜力。研究结果可为平谷区养殖业布局调整、环境污染治理和畜禽粪便资源化利用等决策提供支持。
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| 关 键 词： | 畜禽粪便 污染 氮 磷 生态涵养区 畜禽养殖 承载潜力 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014/11/20 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2/3/2015 12:00:00 AM |
Carrying capacity of livestock and poultry breeding based on feces disposal volume of land |
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| Pan Yuchun,Sun Chao,Liu Yu,Tang Xiumei and Ren Yanmin.Carrying capacity of livestock and poultry breeding based on feces disposal volume of land[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(4):232-239. |
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| Authors: | Pan Yuchun Sun Chao Liu Yu Tang Xiumei and Ren Yanmin |
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| Institution: | 1. Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; 2. National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China,1. Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; 2. National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China,1. Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; 2. National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China,1. Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; 2. National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China and 1. Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; 2. National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: The livestock and poultry breeding industry in Pinggu district of Beijing developed rapidly. Compared with 1992, the slaughter of pigs and chickens increased by 18.95% and 22.29%, and the breeding stock of cattle, sheep, laying hens increased by 35.51%, 40.28% and 10.29%, especially the pig slaughter and egg production, which occupied by 11.81% and 20.21% of Beijing respectively. Gradually, the environmental pressure appears caused by the rapid growth of livestock and poultry manure quantity. And Pinggu district, the ecological conservation district, ecological barrier and water source protection of Beijing, is of a great importance to keep the environment of Beijing sustainable and healthy. As a result, it is important to connect farming and aquaculture, construct the circulation of agriculture economy chain, and determine the scale of farming according to local conditions. Based on the characteristic that orchard land took a large part of agricultural land, this paper set the cultivated land and orchard nitrogen limited standard, through calculation of the environmental capacity of farmland nitrogen, the poultry and animal feces pollution risk index and potential of livestock and poultry, then assessed the livestock carrying potential and potential contamination and analyzed the farmland and orchards' livestock carrying potential of Pinggu and its town. The results indicated that: 1) During 2012, the total manure of Pinggu was 591 100 tons, containing nitrogen and phosphorus respectively 4 721, 998 t, which meant a huge organic resource, made it available to reduce the fertilizer use, and can effectively improve soil quality and the quality of the crops; 2) For ecological conservation development area, as the orchards occupied a large proportion of agricultural land, the agricultural land of livestock and poultry manure loading status achieved by taking the cultivated land and orchard as disposal site, may be more practical. The average manure load of agricultural land was 16.7 t/hm2, lower than the national standard of 30 t/hm2, and the orchard manure load accounted by 66.42%; If only taking the cultivated land as the consumptive manure carrier, the amount of agricultural land manure load was 49.74 t/hm2, far higher than the national standard; 3) The potential of livestock and poultry in Pinggu district, which were 62.5 and 94.8 thousands pigs' equivalent for nitrogen and phosphorus respectively. Totally speaking, the district was available for bearing livestock and poultry, but the difference was significant among each town's agricultural land: Xinggu, Yukou and Daxingzhuang, etc, were carrying excess, however, Dahuashan, Zhenluoying and Xiongerzhai, etc, still had great potential consumptions of livestock and poultry manure. Among them, Xingu region has greatly exceeded the carrying capacity of agricultural land, so it's urgent to control the overall amount and take measures to make resources of animal manure harmless and ecological. According to that, taking the town as the basic research unit, can effectively reflect the strong spatial differences of the regional livestock carrying capacity, and also can be helpful to formulate the livestock differentiated control strategies and measures for the development of livestock excreta disposal. However, the consumption of livestock and poultry excrement of farmland is not only influenced by agricultural land use types, but also by other factors such as soil physical and chemical properties, topography, the using way (bare and protected area), planting patterns and fertilization habits and so on. Obviously, the spatial differentiation does exist. As a result, more detailed data is in urgent need to achieve more scientific and accurate results and so as to provide support in selecting a proper site and layout for livestock and poultry breeding industry. |
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| Keywords: | ecological conservation area livestock and poultry production livestock manure carrying capacity potential contamination risk |
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