| 深松对春玉米根系形态特征和生理特性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 张瑞富,杨恒山,高聚林,张玉芹,王志刚,范秀艳,毕文波.深松对春玉米根系形态特征和生理特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(5):78-84. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张瑞富 杨恒山 高聚林 张玉芹 王志刚 范秀艳 毕文波 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 内蒙古农业大学农学院，呼和浩特，010019; 2. 内蒙古民族大学农学院，通辽，028042;,2. 内蒙古民族大学农学院，通辽，028042;,1. 内蒙古农业大学农学院，呼和浩特，010019;,2. 内蒙古民族大学农学院，通辽，028042;,1. 内蒙古农业大学农学院，呼和浩特，010019;,2. 内蒙古民族大学农学院，通辽，028042;,2. 内蒙古民族大学农学院，通辽，028042; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（31360308）；国家粮食丰产科技工程（2012BAD04B04） |
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| 摘 要： | 为研究深松对春玉米根系形态特征和生理特性的影响。以郑单958和先玉335为供试品种,设旋耕(R)、深松加旋耕(S+R)2个处理,于2012和2013年进行田间试验。结果表明,深松可以显著提高2个品种春玉米实测产量(P0.05)、春玉米乳熟期和完熟期根干质量(P0.05)且40 cm以下土层尤为明显。2个品种春玉米30 cm土层处的株、行间根幅均表现为S+R小于R处理,其中行间根幅的差异达到了显著水平(P0.05),单株根条数和比根长均表现为S+R显著高于R处理(P0.05)。乳熟期60 cm以下土层根系活力S+R高于R处理且随着土层的加深差异逐渐增大,超氧化物歧化酶和过氧物酶活性在吐丝期和乳熟期各土层S+R均高于R处理,而丙二醛含量低于旋耕处理。深松促进根系特别是下层根系干质量的增加,增加根系纵深分布,春玉米根系重心下移,并保持较高的生理活性,是其能够增产的重要原因。该文可为春玉米高产栽培提供依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 形态 生理 酶 深松 春玉米 根系 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014/12/31 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2015/2/10 0:00:00 |
Effect of subsoiling on root morphological and physiological characteristics of spring maize |
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| Zhang Ruifu,Yang Hengshan,Gao Julin,Zhang Yuqin,Wang Zhigang,Fan Xiuyan and Bi Wenbo.Effect of subsoiling on root morphological and physiological characteristics of spring maize[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(5):78-84. |
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| Authors: | Zhang Ruifu Yang Hengshan Gao Julin Zhang Yuqin Wang Zhigang Fan Xiuyan and Bi Wenbo |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot,Inner Mongolia,010019, China; 2. College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028042,China;,2. College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028042,China;,1. College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot,Inner Mongolia,010019, China;,2. College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028042,China;,1. College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot,Inner Mongolia,010019, China;,2. College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028042,China; and 2. College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028042,China; |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Years of small power machincal shallow rotary tillage often causes issues such as shallow top soil layer and thick plough pan in the root layer. Subsoiling is an effective mean to solve the those issues. In this study, effect of subsoiling on root morphological and physiological characteristics of spring maize was investigated in order to understand the mechanism behind the high-yield cultivation of spring maize. In a two-year field experiment (2012 and 2013), two maize varieties of Zhengdan958 and Xianyu335 were planted in soils tilled with different practices including rotary tillage and subsoiling plus rotary tillage. The results showed that subsoiling could significantly (P<0.05) or extremely significantly (P<0.01) increase the maize yield. In the milking and maturity stages, subsoiling also significantly (Xianyu335, P<0.05) or extremely significantly (Zhengdan958, P<0.01) increased the dry root weight of spring maize, especially in soils under 40 cm depth. The root range of inter plant and inter row of two spring maize varieties at the 30 cm soil layer was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the subsoiling plus rotary tillage treatment than in the rotary tillage treatment. In addition, subsoiling increased the root number of per plant and the specific root length. The root activity of spring maize in milking stage in the soil layers below 60 cm was significantly higher in the subsoiling treatment than the rotary tillage treatment, and the difference between both treatments was increased along the depth of the soil. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in the treatment of subsoiling+rotary tillage treatment were higher than that of rotary tillage in silking stage under the soil layers below 40 cm. But the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was lower in the former than the latter treatment. Therefore, subsoiling promoted root development, especially increased root dry weight at the deep soil layer and root distribution along the soil profile, and kept high physiological activity, thus resulting in high yield of spring maize. |
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| Keywords: | morphology physiology enzyme subsoiling spring maize root |
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