| 故道地区沙碱地葡萄优质丰产试验总结(1983—1985) |
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| 引用本文： | 王诚义,马跃,黄树德,程士仪.故道地区沙碱地葡萄优质丰产试验总结(1983—1985)[J].果树学报,1986(3). |
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| 作者姓名： | 王诚义 马跃 黄树德 程士仪 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所
(王诚义，马跃)，安徽肖县苗山园艺场
(黄树德)，安徽肖县苗山园艺场(程士仪) |
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| 摘 要： | 本总结包括示范园技术总结和七个单项研究简明结论。58亩示范园三年平均亩产1302公斤,较试验前三年平均亩产634公斤增产60％;平均含糖量16.4度,较前三年13.7度提高2.7度;平均每亩纯盈利625元,较前三年310元增加102％。试验表明故道地区葡萄含糖量主要受降雨量及高温影响,栽培措施的增糖效果甚微,各种栽培措施平均可增糖0.35度,况且不是多种措施的累加效果。控制病害,按品种糖度增长规律适时采收,虽不能从本质上增加含糖量,确是目前提高含糖量的有效方法。“高、宽、垂”树形较扇形有明显增产、省工、病害轻的优点。白羽品种亩产1300公斤左右对,含糖量最高,其经济效益大于或等于产量的提高。
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RESEARCH REPORT ON THE TOP QUALITY AND STABLE CROPPING OF GRAPE VINES ON THE SANDY SOIL OF OLD YELLOW RIVER FLOODED AREA |
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| Abstract: | 1. The main reason of low sugar content of grape berries in the Old Yellow River Course region is high moisture and high temperature in the summer. The highest temperature is often morethart 35℃ during the maturing period. If the rainfall in July to August was more then 300mm, the sugar content will be 3 degree less (14°) than 200mm ( 17°).Because of serious berry diseases, harvest time used to be taken in advance in this region, It gives the bad effect on the quality. Delay harvest time though not aceuratly increased sugar content, but the ecomonic effect was significant. The harvest time at 40 days after the berry begining soft, the sugar content will be about 2—3 degree higher (16—18°) than (14—15°).2. Correlation coefficient of meteorological factors with sugar content of berry were high as r=0.8, but culture operations with sugar content were only r=0.2, that means the effects of possibly increasing sugar content by various culture operution were no mors than 20%, only 0.35 degree. Moreover the accumulation effects was not equal 1+2=3.(1)The inhibitor fosamine of 750 ppm sprayed at the time of berry begining soft may increased sugar content 0.6—0.9 degree(3.7—5.6%).(2)Enlarging the fruit weight/leave area ratio may increase sugar content 0.3 degree(2%). The better fruit weight and leave number per shoot was 1.3×0.2kg, or 1.5×0.17kg. (3)KCI fertilizer of 375kg/hec, increased sugar content 0.1 degree(0.7%), yield 280kg(4%), especially, the berry diseases decreased 29%. So the main function of K in this region was increasing resistance of diseases.(4)Not only sugar content but also yield will be decreased, if the nitrogen fertilizer was too much. The suitable dosage of pure nitrogen was 68kg/hec, when the yield was nearly 14000kg/hec, if the dosage was double the sugar content and yield may be decreased 0.3 degree(1.5%), 600kg (3%) respectivelly.3. In the relation between sugar content and yield, the highest sugar content was the yield of 14000kg/hec. Under the best, culture conditions, 2300kg/hec yield may decreased sugar content 0.1 degree(0.6%). Therefore, because of sugar content varlably, the economy effectiveness of 14000kg/hec will be equal to the yield that much higher.4. The training of high trunk and shoots hanging down ward system had the effects of stable and higher, save labour for management. At the same fertilizer conditio owing to different varieties and the trunk hight, this training used to increase yield 18.3% (9.7—30.7%)than the traditional fan typetraining ang save labour 1—1.5 times. |
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