| 牛角瓜大孢子与小孢子的发生发育观察 |
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| 引用本文： | 宾珍兰,汤丹峰,郑杰,刘一丁,陈励虹,周瑞阳.牛角瓜大孢子与小孢子的发生发育观察[J].南方农业学报,2016(10):1658-1663. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宾珍兰 汤丹峰 郑杰 刘一丁 陈励虹 周瑞阳 |
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| 作者单位： | 广西大学 农学院,南宁,530005 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】明确牛角瓜Calotropis gigantea(Linn.)W.T.Aition]大孢子与小孢子的发生发育情况,为其耕作栽培学及植物学研究提供基础资料,也为其遗传育种研究及品种改良打下基础。【方法】于盛花期采集不同发育时期的牛角瓜花蕾,运用石蜡切片技术观察其大孢子与小孢子的发生发育特征。【结果】牛角瓜大孢子与小孢子的发育时期与其花器官外部形态特征存在对应关系,雄蕊的发生发育早于雌蕊。牛角瓜小孢子黏连成块状结构,与普通植物的分散型小孢子形成鲜明对比,其小孢子母细胞发育为连续型,绒毡层细胞有3~4层,为腺质绒毡层,单核期绒毡层细胞壁开始降解,花粉成熟后绒毡层细胞自溶。胚囊发育类型为蓼型,胚珠横生,无珠被;四分体呈线型排列,成熟胚囊有次生核。【结论】牛角瓜大、小孢子发生及雌、雄配子体发育与花器官外部形态大小密切相关,其结实率低并非雌性或雄性败育所致。
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| 关 键 词： | 牛角瓜 花粉块 大孢子 小孢子 发生发育特征 |
Genesis and development of megaspore and microspore in Calotropis gigantea(Linn.) W. T. Aition |
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| Abstract: | Objective]Genesis and development of megaspore and microspore in Calotropis gigantea(Linn.) W. T. Aition was explored to provide basic information in cultivation science and botany , and lay a foundation for genetic breed-ing research and variety improvement. Method]Flower buds of C. gigantea at different developmental stages during full-bloom stage were gathered. Paraffin section was adopted to observe the genesis and development characteristics of megas-pore and microspore. Result]There was corresponding relation between developmental stages of megaspore and microspore and flower organs morphology characteristics. The genesis and development of stamen was earlier than that of pistil. In contrast with dispersed microspores in ordinary plants, microspores of C. gigantea were conglutinated into block structure. Development of microspore mother cell was of successive type. There were three to four layers of tapetum cells , which were glandular tapetum. Tapetum cell wall degraded at uninucleate stage and autolyzed after maturity of pollen. Development of embryo sac was of polygonum type with amphitropous ovule and no integument. Tetrad formed linear arrangement. Mature embryo sac has secondary polar nucleus. Conclusion]There is close relation between development of megaspore and mi-crospore , female and male gametophytes development and flower organs morphology. The low seed setting rate is not caused by female abortion or male abortion. |
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| Keywords: | Calotropis gigantea(Linn ) W T Aition pollinia megaspore microspore genesis and development characteristics |
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